特定政黨不認同：台灣地區民意調查中關於政黨認同的新測量工具

從《美國選民》一書出版以來，政黨認同一詞即被各界廣泛引用，是解釋選民長期投票行為的最主要因素之一。然而將這個概念運用於台灣時，人們會發現仍有些不足之處。本研究認為台灣選民的整體投票行為，除了受到政黨認同的影響之外，還有對特定政黨不認同的因素。特定政黨不認同是選民對於某一特定政黨長時間、持續、且不輕易改變的厭惡情感，無論如何絕對不會支持這個政黨。文獻和質化研究都顯示，台灣選民特定政黨不認同態度的形成因素主要是國家認同、族群意識以及政黨形象。根據這些結果，本研究設計題組量表測量選民對特定政黨不認同的態度，並將選民投票行為與「絕不投票支持某政黨」的行為相對照，實證結果顯示此一測量有很好的效度與信度。其次，本研究結合傳統的選民政黨認同與特定政黨不認同兩項觀察變數成為一個新的政黨認同變數，進一步觀察與解釋台灣選民對政黨的態度及其投票行為。電話調查結果顯示46.3%的台灣選民有絕對不會投票支持某一個政黨的行為，而新的政黨認同指標與選民的投票行為相當一致，在解釋台灣選民投票行為的分類與判斷方面不但有效，而且是一個相當具有說服力的指標。

關鍵字

政黨認同；特定政黨不認同；新的政黨認同指標

並列摘要

According to The American Voter, party identification affects voters' attitudes, feelings, even the voting behavior towards political parties. In Taiwan, party identification indeed has fundamental effects on voters' voting behavior. But there is still something that can't be explained. This study found that negative identification against a specific party is also a crucial factor that affects voters' voting behavior. The negative attitude towards a specific party is a long-term, consistent attitude. And it is very hard to change.The study employed methods including in-depth interviews, focus groups and telephone survey to investigate the issue. First, results from qualitative research indicated that three factors, namely, national identity, ethnic identity and party image are the roots of the voters' negative attitude toward a specific party. The study also developed a questionnaire to measure the negative attitudes toward a specific party of the voters in Taiwan; 46.3% of the survey respondents expressed that there is one or more than one parties they would have never voted for. We then combined the traditional party identification variable and the newly-developed ”which party that you will never vote for” variable into a new party identification indicator. Empirical studies using survey data showed that the new variable were good in both validity and reliability tests and was doing very well in explaining voters' voting behavior in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

party identification ； negative party identification against a specific party ； new party identification variable

參考文獻

中國國民黨，2007，〈行動綱要（三）：國家要安全〉，中國國民黨網站：http://www.kmt.org.tw/hc.aspx?id=14&aid=1962，檢索日期：2009 年12 月18 日。(Kuomintang. 2007. “Platform for Action.” Kuomintang Official Website. http://www.kmt.org.tw/hc.aspx?id=14&aid=1962 [accessed December 18, 2009].)