設定期貨的合理保證金有賴於掌握期貨價格的極端值行為。本文以臺灣期交所發行的指數期貨商品為研究對象,實證發現其日報酬率的尾端分配屬於厚尾的Frechet分配,且具有異質變異性,常態分配無法準確描述,極端值分配有助於刻劃期貨日報酬率的極端值行為。因此我們引用極端值分配捕捉指數期貨價格的極端值特性,藉以推估指數期貨的理論保證金水準,再與實際保證金水準比較,以提供保證金設定之建議。我們同時考慮非條件極端值分配與條件極端值分配,其中以條件極端值分配所估計的保證金水準,比較可以適時反應期貨部位當下的風險特性,因此期交所若能採取動態的保證金政策,則風險控管的績效會更好。本文亦發現臺灣期交所只要些微放寬預期違約機率,則理論的保證金水率可以大幅降低,此時仍然可以經由漲跌幅限制管控期貨的價格風險,而期貨商品的競爭力可以大幅提升。
Understanding the index futures contract's extreme value behaviors helps to set an adequate level of margin. The study examines the daily return distribution of the index futures traded in TAIFEX. Empirical study finds that the distribution is fat-tailed and also heteroscedastic, which a Frechet distribution can fit better than a normal distribution does. Meanwhile, conditional Extreme Value Theory (EVT) performs better than unconditional EVT because it can dynamically reflect current volatility levels. We suggest that TAIFEX allow higher expected margin violation probability, and the required margins will be smaller. Price limit can help manage the price risk of futures positions.