漢文佛典後綴“頭”的語法化歷程

On the Grammaticalization of the Suffix Tou in Chinese Buddistic Scriptures

高婉瑜(Wan-Yu Kao)

《花蓮教育大學學報》 23期 (2006/11) Pp. 357-376

摘要

「語法化」為歷史語言學重要的課題，它反映了詞彙或結構演變為較虛的語法成分的過程。本文針對漢語的後綴「頭」，從詞法、語義等角度，觀察含「頭」後綴的派生詞，及其語法化現象和機制。我們選定漢文佛典為考察語料，時代範疇是東漢〜宋明，即中古漢語跟近代漢語階段。此外，我們將把同時的中土資料列入參照，與佛典做對照。
根據本文的研究，我們認為名詞「頭」走向詞綴的語法化過程，是通過「隱喻」、「轉喻」、「類推」、「泛化」機制運作而成的。

關鍵字

派生詞 ； 後綴 ； 語法化 ； 佛典

並列摘要

”Grammaticalization” is an important topic in historical linguistics. It reflects the process of words or structures changing to be functional components. This paper focuses on the Chinese suffix tou. It observes derivations with tou and tou's gramaticalization from syntax, semantics and pragmatics. We chose Chinese Buddhistic Scriptures from the former Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, i.e. Middle and Modern Chinese, as materials. In addition, we also included the data in the middle area to make comparison with Buddhistic Scriptures. According to the study of this paper, the grammaticalization of tou is a metaphor: from shift in space to shift in time. The Gramaticalization of tou, which changes from a lexical word to a suffix, is the result of metaphor, metonymy, analogy and generalization.

並列關鍵字

derivation ； affix ； grammaticalization ； Buddhistic Scriptures