從《墨子‧非儒》探析墨家和儒家論辯的焦點議題

先秦時代，儒家孔子的形象，由於諸家學派論辯相非而遭到或輕或重的扭曲或變異。儒、墨兩家因為競爭的關係，批評對方的言論尤其激烈。墨家有一篇文章〈非儒篇〉，被視作墨家對儒家批評的總結；然而因其篇名及內容，遭受到後世學者刻意的忽視。其所載內容，雖然指向孔子人格上的缺陷，失之客觀，然該篇文章主要在突顯儒、墨兩家思想本身的差異性。本文擬由《墨子‧非儒》墨家對儒家批評的內容，探究儒、墨兩家論辯的焦點，包括有命、鬼神、禮樂、喪葬等議題。同時，本文將討論客觀環境中儒、墨兩家之所以相互批評的原因，和在主觀思想上儒、墨兩家思辨方法歧異之所在。藉此，真確認知〈非儒篇〉的作意與價值。

關鍵字

墨家；非儒；非命論；鬼神；喪葬觀

並列摘要

Pre-Chin time, Confucianism Kong Zi's image; because the pre-Qin thinkers argue encounter either light or the heavy distortion or the variation. The House of Confucianism, Mohist School, because competition criticized each other's comments particularly intense. There is an article of the Mohist betrayal and non-Confucianism expanses, regarded the Mohist school on the summary of the Confucian criticism; but because of their titles and content, subject to later generations scholars deliberately neglected. The content contained therein, although point to Confucius personality defects, loss of objective, so this article mainly in the salience of Confucianism, the Mohist school, the two thought itself differences. This article draws up by ”Mozi•Non-Confucian” the Mohist school the content which criticizes to the Confucianism, inquires into the Confucianism and the Mohist school argument focal point, subjects and so on embody life, ghosts and gods, ritual music, funeral with the different place. Take this really confirm know betrayal and non-the intention of Confucianism gays essay and its value.