文化全球化下都市空間的同質性－倫敦金絲雀碼頭的剖析

文化全球化的流動是人、物件及資訊的交流。交流方向是從歐美經濟大國流向發展中國家，屬於單向不對等的展開。此交流對城市的影響，被凝結於景觀空間之中。而這不對等的交流，導致了城市景觀浮現同質性現象，此種城市現象庫爾哈斯(Rem Koolhaas)稱為同類型城市(the Generic City)。本文分析文化全球化現象，並闡述文化全球化與城市景觀空間的關係。城市在文化交流影響下，生產了旅遊空間，提供觀光客的參訪，例如博物館、美術館等；生產了消費空間，提供消費者逛街、休閒及聚集，例如大型購物中心等；生產了各種主題式新興區，支援服務經濟的生產，例如老街區、金融商務區等。城市經歷了去工業化後，創造各種新的城市空間，提供服務經濟的生產製造，以支撐城市的經濟發展。然而在這不對等的文化交流下，地方傳統的生活空間逐漸流失，導致城市中的景觀，呈現出同質性現象。誠如倫敦金絲雀碼頭(Canary Wharf)的開發，在加拿大開發商及紐約建築師咨意的開發下，浮現出紐約曼哈頓摩天大樓的天際線與金融空間景觀，而非昔日碼頭區的風景，呈現了全球化城市的同質景觀。

關鍵字

文化全球化；金絲雀碼頭；同質性

並列摘要

The flow of cultural globalization includes global interchanges of people, things and information. The direction is from the western developed countries to developing countries; it is a one-way and unbalanced development. And influences of cultural globalization will be marked on cities' landscapes. Rem Koolhaas calls such globalized city landscapes ”the Generic City” which has homogeneous landscape. In this article, I made a brief introduction to cultural globalization and analyzed the interaction between cultural globalization and cities. Under the influences of cultural globalization, cities produce tourist-spaces for global tourists, such as museums and art centers; they produce consumer-spaces for shopping, leisure activities and gathering, such as shopping malls; they also produce theme-park areas for service-economy production, such as old town and financial center. With these spaces local governments can support the production of cultural industries which could underpin a city's economy after it has been deindustralized. Yet these unequal one-way influences of cultural flow result in the gradual disappearance of local traditional spaces. The landscapes of cities become homogeneous in the process of globalization. Take the landscape of Landon Canary Wharf as an example. The Canada developers and New York architects replicate the skyline of New York Manhattan high-rise buildings and the landscape of Wall Street Financial Center with their arbitrary development. The riverside dockland in the past can no longer be found. Canary Wharf displays a homogeneous landscape like other global cities.