台灣紅豆杉癒合組織之誘導、培養與紫杉醇生產

Callus Initiation, Growth, and Taxol Production of Taxus mairei

張淑華(Shu-Hwa Chang) ； 何政坤(Cheng-Kuen Ho) ； 蔡錦瑩(Jeen-Yin Tsay)

《台灣林業科學》 11卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. 445-453

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199612.0445

摘要

利用台灣紅豆杉的針葉、莖段、根、胚及胚乳等為材料來誘導癒合組織，發現幼嫩的針葉及莖段為誘導癒合組織最佳的材料。八年生種子苗、一年生扦插苗及六個月大試管胚培養苗三種不同來源的針葉及莖段癒合組織的誘導效果，又以後兩者為佳，顯示癒合組織誘導能力與苗木年齡有關，年輕的苗木誘導能力較強。癒合組織生長最佳的培養基，在莖段為1/2MS添加5mg/L 2，4-D或1~2.5mg/L的NAA，在葉片為1/2MS添加5~7mg/L的2，4-D。培養基中添加0.8g/L PVP與0.1g/L casein hydrolysate有助於癒合組織的生長並可減少褐化。培養時的照光與否，並不會影響癒合組織的生成，但會影響癒合組織的結構。照光下的癒合組織較硬，而黑暗中形成的癒合組織則較鬆軟。分析10種經繼代培養3個月之不同來源癒合組織的紫杉烷類含量，發現不同的細胞系間差異很大，以紫杉醇為例，最高為每l公斤乾重的癒合組織含有439mg (439ppm)的紫杉醇，最低則趨近於0，顯示細胞株的篩選，對紫杉醇生產而言，非常重要。

關鍵字

台灣紅豆杉 ； 癒合組織培養 ； 紫杉烷類 ； 紫杉醇

並列摘要

Callus cultures of Taxus mairei were induced using different tissue explants including needles, stems, roots, embryos, and endosperms. Calli derived from young stem and needle explants displayed the best growth in an optimized medium. Explants dissected from 1-year-old cuttings and 6-month-old embryo-derived plants produced more calli than did 8-year-old plants, suggesting younger donated plants promote better callus growth. The optimal medium was l/2MS medium containing 5mg/L 2,4-D or to 2.5mg/L NAA for stem cultures, and l/2MS medium containing 5 to 7mg/L NAA for needle cultures. Callus growth improved and browning decreased when medium was supplemented with 0.8g/L PIP and 0.1g/L casein hydrolysate. Light did not affect callus formation, but affected callus rigidity. Calli were compact under light in culture but friable in dark. Callus tissues derived from 10 different sources were extracted for taxanes after 3 months in culture. Great variations of taxane content in these cultures were observed. Taxol content, for example, ranged from near none to 439mg per kg of extracted dry weight (expressed as ppm). This finding indicates that selecting cell lines is important for taxol production.

並列關鍵字

Taxus mairei ； Callus culture ； taxanes ； taxol