二氧化碳超臨界流體方法抽取錫蘭肉桂葉香精研究

Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extractions of Essential Oil from Leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum

謝瑞忠(Jui-Chung Shieh)

《台灣林業科學》 12卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. 71-79

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199703.0071

摘要

探討超臨界流體方法在不同壓力下二氧化碳抽取錫蘭肉桂葉香精含量及其化學成分之變化，化學成分係採用氮相層析儀(GC)之滯留時間(retention time)及氣相層析－質譜儀(GC-MS)之質變圖鑑定。精油含量在超臨界流體方法中使用80，100及120kg/cm^2之二氧化碳抽取精油含率依序爲0.81，1.12及1.47mL/100g。顯示壓力增加精油收率有增加趨勢。較水蒸氣蒸餾法之精油含率1.74mL/100g比較略降低人。使用GC-MS鑑定出錫蘭肉桂或精油有20個成分，主成分爲eugenol，重要成分爲cinnamic aldehyde, linalool, bornyl acetate及α-phellandrene等，及其它15個微量成分。精油成分含量使用超臨界流體方法在80，100及120kg/cm^2之不同壓力下，eugenol含量依序爲80.83%，84.87%及87.45%，eugenol含量隨抽出壓力增加略有增加，與水蒸氣蒸餾法eugenol含量92.26%比較略爲減少，其它成分含量變化差異不大。

關鍵字

超臨界流體香精抽取方法 ； 錫蘭肉桂 ； 精油 ； 含油量 ； 化學成分

並列摘要

Variations in yields and components from the leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were determined under different extraction pressure by using liquid carbon dioxide in a supercritical fluids extraction method (SCF). Components of the essential oils were analyzed and identified by means of retention times (RT) of gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
The yields of essential oils from the leaves of C. zeylanicum under 80, 100, and 120 kg/cm^2 pressures of carbon dioxide extraction were 0.81, 1.12, and 1.47mL/100g, respectively. The yields of essential oil increased with increasing pressure. The yields of essential oils from the SCF method were a little lower than those obtained by using a conventional steam distillation method.
Twenty components were identified in the essential oil of C. zeylanicum leaves. The main components were eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, linalool, bomyl acetate, and α-phellandrene. etc. Other minor components, such as　α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, benzaldchyde, β-caryophyllene, 4-terpineol, α-terpincol, borneol, benzyl acetate, geraniol, 3-phenyl propanal, and isoeugenol (Table 2), were also identified.
The major component of the essential oil of C. zeylanicum leaves from both the SCF and steam distillation methods was eugenol. The content of eugenol under 80, 100 and 120kg/cm^2 pressures from the SCF method were 80.83, 84.87 and 87.45 mL/100g of the total, respectively. The content of eugenol increased with increasing pressure. By using the SCF method, the contents of eugenol (80.83% to 87.45%) were lower than those of using conventional steam distillation method (92.26%). There was little difference in the contents of each component with respect to different extraction pressures of the SCF method.

並列關鍵字

Supercritical fluids extraction ； Cinnamomum zeylanicum ； essential oil ； oil content ； chemical component