無機鹽類對木材抗燃性改善之研究

Effect of Inorganic Salts on Flammability of Treated Wood

林勝傑(Shung-Jei Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 13卷3期 (1998/09) Pp. 243-249

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199809.0243

摘要

為了解決可燃性在木材建築材料應用發展上所造成之障礙，本試驗以杉木為試材，以″up-and-down method″依ASTM D2863-87之規定，測定木材燃燒之氧氣指數，評估以10種無機鹽類及其11組混合配方，經真空注入處理製造耐燃材之可能性。試驗結果顯示，杉木材經磷酸銨等10種無機鹽類處理後，焰燃之氧氣指數可從23.25提高至25.83~33.75，而以無機鹽混合配方處理，更可提高至34.15~68.25之間，均可達難燃性材料之要求。其中單一藥劑處理之效果，以重鉻酸鈉、偏矽酸鈉、磷酸二銨及磷酸胍等最好，惟重鉻酸鈉或偏矽酸鈉處理材之餘燼時間很長，似乎不宜單獨應用為木材抗燃藥劑，而11組混合配方中，以磷酸二銨及氯化銨混合液處理效果最好，其氧氣指數可達68.25，其次為硫酸銨及磷酸胍、磷酸銨及磷酸胍、磷酸二銨及硫酸銨、氯化鋅及重鉻酸鈉與磷酸二銨及氯化鋅等混合液之處理，其氧氣指數為56.25~64.95之間；而硫酸銨與氯化鋅之混合配方效果較差，但其氧氣指數為34.15，亦可達難燃材料之要求。惟氯化鋅與重鉻酸鈉混合液處理之木材，雖然不易焰燃，氧氣指數達57.25，但其餘燼卻不易熄滅，故必需再予改進。

關鍵字

杉木 ； 無機鹽類 ； 氧氣指數 ； 抗燃性

並列摘要

The combustibility of wood has been a drawback when wood has been used as a construction material. In order to produce fire-retardant wood, 10 inorganic salts and 11 mixtures of various combinations were impregnated into China-fir wood. Oxygen indices determinated with the ”up-and-down method” according to ASTM D2863-87 were used to evaluate fire retardancy. The results reveal that the oxygen indices for wood burning of untreated wood and treated wood with various inorganic salts were 23.25 and 25.83 to 33.75, respectively. Moreover, the oxygen indices of China-fir wood treated with various mixtures of inorganic salt combinations ranged from 34.15 to 68.25. All of the treated wood was able to meet the requirement of fire retardant wood. Among 10 individual inorganic salts, the fire retardancies of sodium dichromate, sodium silicate, diammonium phosphate, and guanidine phosphate were better than that of others. Sodium dichromate and sodium silicate would not be suitable for fire retardants simply due to a longer glowing combustion time. Among 11 mixtures of inorganic salt combinations, the combination of diammonium phosphate and ammonium chloride has the highest oxygen index of 68.25. The oxygen indices of the combinations of ammonium sulfate and guanidine phosphate, ammonium phosphate and guanidine phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, zinc chloride and sodium dichromate, and diammonium phosphate and zinc chloride ranged from 56.25 to 64.95. Although the combination of ammonium sulfate and zinc chloride has the lowest oxygen index of 34.15, it meets the requirement of fire retardant wood. The combination of zinc chloride and sodium dichromate has an oxygen index of 57.25 but it has a longer glowing combustion time. This drawback needs to he overcome further.

並列關鍵字

China-fir ； inorganic salt ； oxygen index ； fire retardancy