垂尾桉葉精油含量及化學成分之研究

Yields and Chemical Components of Essential Oils in Eucalyptus urophylla Leaves

謝瑞忠(Jui-Chung Shieh)

《台灣林業科學》 13卷4期 (1998/12) Pp. 291-300

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199812.0291

摘要

本研究探尋不同季節及不同蒸餾時間之垂尾桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)葉部精油含量及其化學成分之變化，精油含量係使用水蒸氣蒸餾法測定，化學成分採用氣相層析儀(GC)之滯留時間(retention time)及氣相層析－質譜儀(GC-MS)之質譜圖鑑定。精油含量在不同季節中以夏季[2.82%(v/w)]最高，次為春季[1.64%(v/w)]，及秋季[1.62%(v/w]，最低者為冬季[l.11%(v/w)]。在不同蒸餾時間之含精油量差異，含油量隨時間而增加，但蒸餾6小時以後含量增加不多。使用GC及GC-MS鑑定出垂尾桉葉精油有24個成分，主要成分為α-pinene，1，8-cineol，limonene，ocimene，4-terpineol及α-terpineol等，其他尚有18個少量成分。在不同季節之成分含量比較，以1，8-cineol為所有季節之主要成分，其含量多寡依序為夏季(53.83%)，春季(53.75%)，冬季(50.81%)及秋季(30.41%)，隨季節之不同所含成分之含量有明顯差別。在不同蒸餾時間（2、4、6及8小時）主成分均為l，8-cineol，隨蒸餾時問增長，各精油成分含量有差異，但變化不大。

關鍵字

垂尾桉 ； 精油 ； 含油量 ； 化學成分

並列摘要

This study determined the variation in yields and components of essential oils in the leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla arising from seasonal variation and distillation times. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. Components of the essential oils were analyzed and identified by means of retention times (Rt) of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As to seasonal variations in yields of essential oils of Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, the highest yield was observed in summer (2.82% v/w), followed by spring (1.64% v/w), and autumn (1.62% v/w), with the lowest yield in winter (1.11% v/w). Yields of essential oils obtained from Eucalyptus urophylla leaves distilled for 2, 4, 6 and 8 Ii were 0.84%, 1.16%, 1.64%, and 1.77% v/w, respectively. The yield of essential oil increased with increasing distillation time but showed no significant differences after 6 h of distillation. Twenty-four components (Table 3) were identified in the essential oil of Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. The main components were 1, 8-cineol, α-pinene, limonene, ocimene, 4-terpineol, and α-terpineol. The other minor 18 components included 3-methyl butanal, camphene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, ρ-cymene, terpinolene, linalool, 1-terpineol, campholenic aldehyde, bonyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, borneol, geranyl acetate, linalool oxide, 3-methylbutyl pentanoate, and ρ –cymen-8-ol are also presented as well. The major component of Eucalyptus urophylla leaves in different seasons was 1, 8-cineol with levels in spring, summer, winter and autumn of 53.75%, 53.83%, 50.81%, and 30.41%, respectively. The essential oil gave varying major component contents in different seasons. For different distillation periods, the major component was 1, 8-cineol. There was little difference in contents of each component with respect to distillation time.

並列關鍵字

Eucalyptus urophylla ； essential oil ； oil content ； chemical component