The genus Neolitsea of Taiwan was revised in terms of comparisons of morphological characters. Special emphases were given to the characters inflorescence, floral anatomy, specimen examination, and distributional pattern; hence much new information can be offered. Neolitsea acuto-trinervia, which was synomyzed under N. aciculata by Liao, is distinctly different from it in floweral color, hairs on the abaxial surface of leaves, and branchlets of the current year. As a result, 8 species and 3 varieties are recognized; namely, Neolitsea aciculate (Blume) Koidz. vat variabillima (Hayata) Liao, N. acuminatissima (Hayata) anehira & Sasaki, N. acuto-trinervia (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki, N. buisanensis Yamamoto & Kamikoti, N. daibuensis Kamikoti, N. hiiranensis Liu & Liao, N. konishii (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki, N. parvigemma (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki, N. sericea var. sericea (Blume) Koidz. var. sericea, N. sericea var. aurata (Blume) Koidz. var. aurata (Hayata) Hatusima, and N. villosa (Blume) Merr.