楊梅屬種子的休眠解除策略

Dormancy-releasing Strategies for Myrica Seeds

簡慶德(Ching-Te Chien) ； 陳昱成(Yu-Cheng Chen) ； 陳舜英(Shun-Ying Chen) ； 洪昆源(Kung-Yung Hong)

《台灣林業科學》 15卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 473-481

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200012.0473

摘要

台灣所産的楊梅屬種子具有休眠性，種子發芽困難。本文研究低溫層積、暖低溫組合層積和激勃素GA3等處理對恒春楊梅和楊梅種子休眠解除及發芽的影響。種子發芽需要暖低溫的組合層積，單獨的低溫層積處理無法使種子發芽。恒春楊梅種子經2個月30/20℃、30/15℃變溫層積，或25℃定溫層積，接著3涸月5℃低溫層積，皆能打破種子的休眠，使種子迅速發芽。新鮮的恒春楊梅種子經激勃素GA3 1000-2000ppm處理，可增加發芽率至50%左右，若種子先經30/20℃變溫層積4星期，然後再用GA3處理，發芽率可達到68%。楊梅種子需要25/15℃3個月和5℃3個月的變重層積才能克服休眠，提高發芽率。綜合結果是暖低溫層積能解除楊梅屬種子的休眠，促進發芽，且激勃素GA3可使恒春楊梅種子在不預先層積處理下發芽成功。

關鍵字

恒春楊梅 ； 楊梅 ； 種子休眠 ； 暖低温層積 ； 激勃素 ； 種子發芽

並列摘要

Fresh seeds of native Myrica species in Taiwan germinate poorly. The effects of cold stratification combined with warm plus cold stratification and gibberellin A3 (GA3) on germination of Myrica adenophora and M. rubra were studied. Seeds failed to germinate with cold stratification alone and required warm followed by cold stratification for maximum germination. Seed dormancy of M. adenophora was broken by stratifying seeds at alternating temperatures of 30/20℃, 30/15℃, or at a constant temperature of 25℃ for 2mo followed by 5℃ for 3mo, and resulted in rapid germination. Germination percentage of M. adenophora seeds increased to approximately 50% by exogenous application of GA3 at 1000-2000ppm. Furthermore, germination at seeds stratified at 30/20℃ for 4 weeks followed by GA3 treatment increased to 68%. Seeds of M. rubra required stratification at 25/15℃ for 3 mo and 5℃ for 3 mo to overcome dormancy and improve germination. We conclude that combined warm and cold stratification is able to release seed dormancy and enhance germination of the 2 Myrica species, and GA3 treatment is successful for germination of M. adenophora seeds without pre-stratification.

並列關鍵字

Myrica adenophora ； Myrica rubra ； seed dormancy ； combined warm and cold stratification ； gibberellin A3 ； seed germination