重建台灣肖楠營養系種子園以促進開花結實之初期結果

Preliminary Results of Flowering Promotion and Seeding in Re-established Clonal Seed Orchards of Calocedrus formosana

鍾振德(Jeng-Der Chung) ； 郭幸榮(Shing-Rong Kuo) ； 楊政川(Jenq-Chuan Yang)

《台灣林業科學》 16卷3期 (2001/09) Pp. 181-196

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200109.0181

摘要

位於出雲山（海拔1,100m）與大雪山(1,500m)之台灣肖楠30個嫁接營養系種子園自1974年建立後一直未能開花結實。1998年2月取此種子園的30個營養系（編號1-30），以及4個位於蓮華池(744m)成熟林木（編號32-35）之接穗，其中編號32-33爲已開花，34-35則未曾開花，進行劈接法嫁接，嫁接成活率平均95.6%。1998年8月出栽重建六龜(251m)與蓮華池2處種子園。六龜種子園1999與2000年開花株數之比率，分別爲69.0與12.6%，蓮華池則分別爲12.2與4.5%。在六龜種子園，2個年度開花之營養系分別爲35及26個，各營養系之開花株數比率範圍自9.0-100%不等，呈極顯著差異。蓮華池2個年度分別只有25與11個營養系開花，各營養系之開花株數比率亦呈極顯著差異。已開花（編號32-33）與未開花(34-35)接穗之嫁接木，在六龜都可以開花；蓮華池編號32營養系只在第1年開花，34號營養系則連續兩年都可開花。土壤養分分析顯示出雲山與大雪山種子園之土壤全氮量高於六龜與蓮華池種子園近2倍，但有效性含磷量六龜與蓮華池種子園則高於出雲山與大雪山種子園。台灣肖楠開花可能受生育地條件與嫁接二因子之影響。雖然2處重建種子園第1年開花株數比率遠比第2年高，但第1年未結實，而第2年2處種子園都可採集少量毬果，且其飽滿種子，發芽率25-100%不等。嫁接木2年生高生長在2處種子園間差異不顯著，但各營養系間差異顯著。高生長與第2年的雌花數量間呈顯著不相關，但與雄花數及第1年雄、雌花數量則否。

關鍵字

台灣肖楠 ； 嫁接 ； 種子園 ； 開花 ； 高生長

並列摘要

Clonal orchards of Calocedrus formosana located at Tsuyunshan (1,100 m in elevation) and Tashueshan (1,500 m in elevation) in the central part of Taiwan have not flowered, since they were established in 1974. Scions of 30 clones (nos. 1-30) collected from these 2 orchards were cleft-grafted onto seedlings in early February 1998. Scions collected from 4 frees (nos. 32-35) grown at Lienhwachih in central Taiwan (744 m in elevation) were also grafted onto seedlings, and used as a control. Clones no.32 and 33 flower every year, but clones no. 34 and 35 have not flowered. High survival rates of up to 95.6% of grafts were obtained. These grafts were then planted at Liukuei in southern Taiwan (251 m in elevation) and Lienhwachih. In 1999 and 2000, the flowering rates (the per cent of flowering grafts out of the total grafts planted) at Liukuei were 69.0 and 12.6%, while those at Lienhwachih were 12.2% and 4.5%. At Liukuei, 35 clones and 26 clones flowered in each of the 2 years, but the flowering rates among different clones varied greatly from 9.0 to 100%. However, only 25 and 11 clones at Lienhwachih flowered in these 2 years. The grafts from either ortets with flowering potential (clones no. 32 and 33) or those without flowering potential (clones no. 34 and 35) flowered at Liukuei. At Lienhwachih, however, the flowering grafts were clone no. 32 in the 1(superscript st) year and clone no. 34 in both years. An analysis of soil nutrients revealed that total nitrogen in the old orchards (Tsuyunshan and Tashueshan) was nearly 2 times greater than that in the new ones (Lienhwachih and Liukuei), whereas soil available phosphorus at the new ones was greater than that of the old ones. These phenomena indicate that flowering induction was related to both site and grafting effects. Although the flowering rates in 1999 at both sites were much greater than these of 2000, cones with filled seeds were found in 2000 only. Germination rates of seeds per grafts varied from 25 to 100%. The average height growth of 2-yr-old grafts did not significantly differ between the 2 sites, but did significantly differ among clones. These was a positive correlation to female flower number in the 2(superscript nd) year, but no correlation to male flower number in either the 1(superscript st) and 2(superscript nd) year or the female flower number in the 1(superscript st) year.

並列關鍵字

Calocedrus formosana ； grafting ； flowering ； height growth