四種臺灣林木種子之層積與激勃素處理

Stratification and Gibberellin Treatments for Seeds of Four Taiwanese Tree Species

簡慶德(Ching-Te Chien) ； 陳舜英(Shun-Ying Chen) ； 張萬龍(Wan-Long Zhang)

《台灣林業科學》 17卷1期 (2002/03) Pp. 51-57

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200203.0051

摘要

台灣所產的珊瑚樹、楊梅、山櫻花和刺葉桂櫻等種子已知皆具有休眠性，珊瑚樹種子需要先以5℃低溫層積才能發芽，而楊梅、山櫻花和刺粟桂櫻等種子則需要暖低溫組合層積處理。本研究利用激勃素GA3刺激這四種林木種子的發芽，探討激勃素層積和休眠解除問之相關性。激勃素GA3無法刺激珊瑚樹新鮮種子的發芽，然而新鮮種子先以5℃低溫層積4星期，再用GA3處理則可發芽。因此推測先予短暫的低溫層積可增加種子內微量的內在激勃素濃度，再結合外在激勃素處理即可促進發芽。刺葉桂櫻新鮮種子僅用GA3處理無怯發芽，需要先以30/20℃變溫8星期以上，在不經低溫層積處理下再用GA3處理即可發芽，其原因可能與種子內胚的未完全成熟和硬實內果皮的紓解有關。楊梅和山櫻花新鮮種子可以直接用GA3處理，取代暖低溫組合層積處理而發芽，推測可能這類種子對激勃素GA3作用較爲敏感，或種子內雖已含有一些激勃素，但濃度尚不足以促進發芽。

關鍵字

珊瑚樹 ； 楊梅 ； 山櫻花 ； 刺葉桂櫻 ； 激勃素 ； 層積處理 ； 種子發芽與休眠

並列摘要

Freshly harvested seeds of the native trees, Viburnum odoratissimum, Prunus spinulosa, Myrica rubra and Frunus campanulata, are dormant. The dormant seeds of V. odoratissimum were released by 5℃ cold stratification, while seeds of the other 3 species were released by warm plus cold stratification. The effect of gibberellin A3 (GA3) on the germination of the seeds of the seeds of the 4 trees was studied, and the relationships among GA3, cold stratification, and dormancy released of seeds are discussed. GA3 could not replace cold stratification for germination of V. odoratissimum seeds which required 5℃ stratification for 4 wk prior to GA3 application; it is speculated that partial cold stratification increases the small amount of endogenous gibberellin which combines with the exogenous GA3 to produce germination. Fresh seeds of P. spinulosa also failed to germinate by GA3 alone and required alternating temperatures of 30/20℃ for at least 8 wk, and then GA3 could replace cold stratification for germination. The alternating temperature requirement for P. spinulosa seed is probably related to after-ripening of the underdeveloped embryos and released of the hard endocarp. Applied GA3 was capable of replacing warm plus cold stratification and stimulating fresh seed germination in M rubra and P. campanulata; it is speculated that the seeds might be sensitive to GA3, or the seeds contain some active endogenous gibberellins in the embryo but the amount is insufficient to enhance fresh seed germination by itself.

並列關鍵字

Viburnum odoratissimum ； Prunus spinulosa ； Myrica rubra ； Prunus campanulata ； GA3 ； seed stratification ； seed germination ； dormancy