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同型孢子蕨類配子體的生殖生物學
The Reproductive Biology of Gametophytes of Homosporous Ferns
摘要
同型孢子蕨類的孢子體可經由同配子體自交、異配子體交配兩類配育系統或以無配生殖的方式產生，異配子體交配又可分為異配子體自交和異配子體異交兩種方式。配育系統與其配子器個體發生、遺傳負荷、倍體性、促精素等因素有關。配子器個體發生行為造成配子體不同性別的發育，不同的性別表現可導致不同的配育途徑，例如同配自交只有在同配子體的雌雄配子同時成熟，且精子被釋放的情況下才可能發生。遺傳負荷可測定隱性致死基因率，遺傳負荷愈小，同配子體自交機率愈大；遺傳負荷愈大，異配子體交配的發生率愈高。多倍體之蕨類多行同配子體自交，反之，二倍體蕨類之配育則以異配子體交配為主。有些蕨類可分泌促精素，有助於藏精器甚或雄性配子體的發生，進而利於異配子體交配的發生。除了有性生殖外，部份蕨類植物藉無配生殖的方式產生後代。不同的生殖策略或利於其拓展新族群，或有助於增加遺傳多樣性，甚或在乾燥環境下仍得以繁殖。
並列摘要
Homosporous ferns produce sporophytes by intra gametophytic selfing, inter gametophytic mating, or apogamy. Gametangium ontogeny, genetic load, and ploidy affect the mating system of each species. Gametangium ontogeny causes different sexual expressions and may permit or prohibit intra gametophytic selfing. Only in the situation in which the male and femal gametangia on the same gametophyte mature at the same time and release sperm is intra gametophytic selfing likely to occur. Genetic load is a measure of the effects of deleterious genes on fitness. The lower the genetic load, the higher the probability of intra gametophytic selfing. As the genetic load increases, so does the frequency of inter gametophytic mating. Intra gametophytic selfing is characteristic of polyploid species, where as most diploid species reproduce by inter gametophytic mating. Antheridiogen promotes antheridium and male gametophyte formation. Thus, inter gametophytic mating is more frequent and more successful in those species with high antheridiogen production. In addition to sexual reproduction, some ferns produce sporophytes by apogamy. Each reproductive strategy is favorable for creating a new population (intra gametophytic selfing, apogamy), increasing genetic diversity (inter gametophytic mating), or producing off spring in drier habitats (apogamy).
被引用紀錄
延伸閱讀
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