蕨類植物孢子的收集與保存

The Collection and Storage of Pteridophyte Spores

黃曜謀(Yao-Moan Huang) ； 翁韶良(Shau-Lian Wong) ； 邱文良(Wen-Liang Chiou)

《台灣林業科學》 18卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 75-80

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200303.0075

摘要

孢子的收集需先瞭解孢子的成熟季節，不同種類、生長區域與孢子體植株年齡都與孢子的發育有關。孢子成熟度可先由顏色做初步判定，細胞核位置及液胞大小亦是孢子成熟度的指標。一般蕨類孢子的收集，係將野外採回長有孢子之葉片經清洗後，平展於白紙上，在乾燥之室溫下置放約3d，大部份孢子會被釋出於白紙上。於清除雜質後，將孢子收集於秤量紙內或玻璃瓶中。觀音座蓮科等孢子囊之環帶缺乏或不發達者，孢子不易被釋出，在收集此類孢子時，可將孢子囊刮下置放於茶包袋中，輕輕搗碎孢子囊，再以蒸餾水加壓沖洗，可使孢子從茶包袋孔隙中流出。將含有孢子的水洗液倒入裝有濾紙之玻璃過濾器組，過濾後將留存於濾紙上的孢子進行後續保存。溫度和溼度會影響到孢子的活力，低溫有利於維持孢子的活力；蕨類孢子活力的保存一般在乾燥及低溫的條件下最為有利，然而，某些蕨類物種，溼儲存方式已被證實較乾燥儲存可維持較久之孢子活力及縮短孢子發芽時間。

關鍵字

收集 ； 蕨類植物 ； 孢子 ； 保存

並列摘要

To collect spores for each species, it is crucial to know the season in which spores typically mature. In addition, the location, microhabitat, and sporophyte age affect the timing of spore maturation. The degree of spore maturation can be estimated by spore color, nucleus position, and vacuole size. After harvesting the blade which bears the spores, wash it lightly with cool fresh water. Lay that blade, spore side down, on a sheet of white paper and leave it in a dry place for 3d at room temperature. Most spores will be released from the sporangia and will rest on the paper. After separating the chaff from the spores, the spores are ready for storage. The sporangia of some ferns, e.g., Marattiaceae, lack or have under developed annulus which will not easily rupture. For these ferns, the sporangia must be scraped into an empty tea bag and broken first. Then force the spores out of the bag with water under air pressure. Filter the spores from the water, and then dry the spores for storage. Temperature and humidity affect spore life. A lower temperature is favorable for maintaining spore viability. Most fern spores are stored under dry conditions, but the spores of some species remain viable longer and germinate more quickly when they are stored in wet conditions.

並列關鍵字

collection ； Pteridophyte ； spore ； storage