福山天然闊葉林生態系對降水水化學的交互作用

Interactions of the Fushan Hardwood Forest Ecosystem and the Water Chemistry of Precipitation

金恒鑣(Hen-Bian King) ； 劉瓊霦(Chiung-Pin Liu) ； 夏禹九(Yue-Joe Hsia) ； 黃正良(Jeen-Lian Hwong)

《台灣林業科學》 18卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 363-373

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200312.0363

摘要

本報告針對台灣北部福山地區的天然闊葉林，分析該生育地雨水、穿落水、幹流水、土壤水及溪水的化學性質，監測天然闊葉林對雨水的化學物產生那些效應。結果發現雨水pH中值為4.6，穿落水與幹流水則分別為6.1與5.7，而土壤各深度(15、30、60 cm)土壤水之pH分別為4.5、4.7與4.8，溪水為7.5。可見此天然闊葉林森林生態系具有中和酸雨的能力，中和能力大小依次為森林土壤、冠層及樹幹。Na、K、Ca、Mg、NH4、Cl、NO3、SO4、HCO3等離子濃度在穿落水、幹流水、土壤水、及溪水中，除在幹流水的NH4和NO3外，都明顯比林外雨高。酸雨中的無機氮有被森林地上部生物截留的現象，而此生態系對於雨水中硫酸根的吸收功能可能有限。

關鍵字

酸沉降 ； 穿落水 ； 幹流水 ； 土壤水 ； 溪流水

並列摘要

This study investigated the responses of a natural hardwood forest ecosystem to pollutants from atmospheric deposition in the Fushan hardwood forest area, northern Taiwan. Water samples of precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, soil solution, and stream water were collected to determine the pH and concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, F, Cl, NO3, SO4, and HCO3. The pH of bulk precipitation averaged 4.6, and increased to 6.1 and 5.7 as the precipitation interacted with the canopy and stems of the forest, respectively. The pH values of soil solutions at surface depths of 15, 30, and 60 cm depths ranged from averages of 4.5, 4.7, and 4.8, respectively. However, the average pH of streamwater samples was 7.5. The Fushan hardwood forest neutralized the incoming acids from the atmosphere, and the buffering capacity was in the order of soil＞canopy＞stem. Concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, Cl, NO3, SO4, and HCO3 showed a clear pattern of enrichment in the throughfall, stemflow, soil solution, and stream water, except those of NH4 and NO3 in stemflow. It was farther shown that the aboveground vegetation intercepted about 20% of the inorganic N, but not sulfate.

並列關鍵字

acid precipitation ； throughfall ； stemflow ； soil water ； stream water