新型水溶性木材防腐藥劑對木材保存性與燃燒性之影響

Effects of New Waterborne Wood Preservatives on the Durability and Thermal Properties of Wood

李鴻麟(Hong-Lin Lee) ； 夏滄琪(Tsang-Chyi Shiah) ； 許富蘭(Fu-Lan Hsu) ； 林勝傑(Shung-Jei Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 20卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 139-156

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200506.0139

摘要

本研究目的在於評估水溶性木材防腐藥劑鉻化砷酸銅(chromated copper arsenate, CCA)、銅烷基銨化合物(ammoniacal copper quats, ACQ)、當耐力CY(tanalith CY, TCY)與銅硼唑化合物(ammoniacal copper azole, CuAz)等對於木材耐腐朽性、抗白蟻性與燃燒性之影響。試材係分別以125、25、5%濃度之CCA，2、4、6%濃度之ACQ、TCY或CuAz等以滿細胞加壓法處理，再依據ASTM D1413-76 (1999)、AWPA El-97 (1999)標準方法及熱重量分析儀等，分別進行室內實木塊耐腐朽性、抗白蟻性與燃燒性等試驗。試驗結果顯示：三種新型水溶性木材防腐藥劑ACQ、TCY與CuAz處理材之耐腐朽性與抗白蟻性均極佳，其耐三種褐腐菌(Fomitopsis pinicola, Laetiporus sulphureus, Gloeophyllum trabeum)、耐白腐菌(Trametes versicolor)及抗白蟻性之功效與CCA處理材相當；以2%濃度之ACQ、TCY或CuAz處理試材，在經過四種腐朽菌接菌12周與白蟻飼養4周試驗後，其重量損失率均小於2%、白蟻死亡率均為100%，顯示其藥劑具有優異之木材防腐與抗白蟻效能；處理材經熱重量分析儀之燃燒性試驗顯示，各處理材之燃燒性質因通氣環境不同而異，在氮氣下之焦炭量隨處理藥劑濃度增加而增加，在空氣下之燃燒性則因處理藥劑種類而有所差異。

關鍵字

鉻化砷酸銅 ； 銅烷基銨化合物 ； 當耐力CY ； 銅硼唑化合物 ； 耐腐朽性 ； 抗白蟻性 ； 焦炭含量 ； 燃燒性

並列摘要

Preservatives, including chromated copper arsenate (CCA), ammoniacal copper quats (ACQ), tanalith CY (TCY), and ammoniacal copper azole (CuAz) were applied. Tested specimens were respectively impregnated with a preservative solution at 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0% w/w for CCA, and at 2, 4, and 6% w/w for ACQ, TCY, and CuAz using a full-cell process under pressure treatment. Fungal decay resistance, termite resistance, and the thermal properties of the treated wood were evaluated according to ASTM standard D1413-76 (1999), AWPA E1-97 (1999), and a thermogravimetric analysis. Results revealed that wood treated with ACQ, TCY, or CuAz was effective in resisting attack by 3 brown rot fungi (Fomitopsis pinicola, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Gloeophyllum trabeum), white rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), and termites (Coptotermes formosanus). Similar results were also found for CCA-treated wood. Weight losses of 2% ACQ-, TCY-, and CuAz-treated wood blocks were less than 2% after inoculation with brown rot and white rot fungi for 12 wk, indicating that such treatments resulted in good effectiveness against fungi deterioration. After 4 wk of feeding, the mortality of termites was 100% using 2% ACQ-, TCY-, and CuAz- treated blocks, indicating that such treatments resulted in good effectiveness against termite attack. Moreover, char yields of treated wood were significantly improved at higher concentrations of preservative treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere with the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). However, differences in thermal properties were observed among all treatments in an air atmosphere with the TGA.

並列關鍵字

chromated copper arsenate ； ammoniacal copper quats ； tanalith CY ； ammoniacal copper azole ； fungal decay resistance ； termite resistance ； char yields ； thermal property