The Role of Four Essential Oils on Mycelial Growth and Basidiomatal Formation of Antrodia cinnamomea

四種木材精油對牛樟芝菌絲生長與子實體形成的影響

張東柱(Tun-Tschu Chang) ； 王武榮(Wu-Rong Wang)

《台灣林業科學》 23卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 105-110

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200803.0105

摘要

以四種木材精油（牛樟、樟樹、香杉、紅檜）測定對牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea)、香杉芝(A. salmonea)和A. heteromorpha菌絲生長和菇體形成的影響。同時，測定分離自牛樟腐木之常見雜菌Penicillium sp.和Trichoderma sp.菌絲生長的影響。四種精油在添加濃度100~1000 ppm時，對牛樟芝和香杉芝有明顯促進生長，同時，在添加高濃度牛樟精油及香杉精油5000 ppm時分別對牛樟芝TFRI B191及牛樟芝與香杉芝菌絲仍有促進生長。Antrodia heteromorpha除在添加100 ppm的牛樟精油及樟樹精油有些微的促進生長作用外，其餘處理濃度均有明顯的抑制生長。四種精油所有處理的濃度均對Penicillium的生長有抑制作用。添加高濃度5000 ppm四種精油對Trichoderma的生長有抑制作用，且在添加1000ppm時牛樟精油及樟樹精油就對Trichoderma有抑制作用，其餘處理則無抑制與促進生長作用。測定四種精油添加於PDA培養基對牛樟芝、香杉芝及A. heteromorpha出菇的影響，這三種菌在所有添加處理均沒有出菇，但在沒有添加的PDA上僅牛樟芝菌種TFRI B191可以出菇。從本研究結果可獲知：牛樟木材精油促進牛樟芝菌絲生長，而抑制其它可能競爭真菌，有助於提供牛樟芝在牛樟木材上建立群落，然而，牛樟芝出菇時，牛樟精油並非必要成份。

關鍵字

牛樟芝 ； 菌絲生長 ； 子實體形成 ； 木材精油

並列摘要

Four wood essential oils (Cinnamomum kanehirai, Cin. camphora, Cunninghamia konishii, and Chamaecyparis formosensis) were used to test their effects on mycelial growth and basidiomatal formation of Antrodia cinnamomea, A. salmonea, and A. heteromorpha. In addition, these 4 essential oils were also used to test the effects on the mycelial growth of Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. which are commonly isolated from rotten wood of Cin. kanehirai. The growth of A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea was most promoted with 100~1000 ppm of the 4 test essential oils and even with 5000 ppm of essential oils from Cun. konishii. The growth of A. heteromorpha and Penicillium sp. was most inhibited at all treatments except that A. heteromorpha was slightly promoted with 100 ppm of essential oils from Cin. kanehirai and Cin. camphora. The growth of Trichoderma sp. was only inhibiting at a concentration of 5000 ppm of all test essential oils and at a concentration 1000 ppm of essential oils from Cin. kanehirai and Cin. camphora. Lower concentrations of the 4 test essential oils did not affect the growth of Trichoderma sp. There was no basidiomatal formation on PDA medium with any concentration of the 4 test essential oils for the 4 isolates of Antrodia. Only isolate, TFRI B191, of A. cinnamomea produced basidiomes on PDA medium without the addition of essential oils, while the other isolates of Antrodia produced no basidiomes after 3 mo of incubation on the same medium. These results indicated that essential oils provide a favorable environment which promotes the growth of A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea but inhibits other possible competitive fungi, for better colonization of the fungi on their individual hosts, but they are not essential for basidiomatal formation of the fungi.

並列關鍵字

Antrodia cinnamomea ； basidiomatal formation ； mycelial growth ； wood essential oils