Investigation of Temperature Regimes for Air, Streamflow, and Topsoil Layers in a Riparian Area of Harpen Creek

哈盆溪濱水帶大氣、溪流水及表層土壤溫度變化及其關係性之探討

陸象豫(Shiang-Yue Lu) ； 黃良鑫(Liang-Shin Hwang) ； 傅鶴翹(Ho-Chiao Fu)

《台灣林業科學》 25卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 303-313

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201012.0303

摘要

溫度為影響生態系運作的主要環境因子，而在森林生態系中，又以大氣溫度、表層土壤溫度及溪流水溫度對生態系運作影響最顯著；此等溫度要項相互影響，並因能量的轉移而在空間與時間分佈上呈動態的變化。以往的研究多屬於三者間的個別探討，少有涉及其相互關連與變動的研究，尤以森林生態系的研究更屬罕見。基於此，本研究選擇福山試驗林哈盆溪濱水帶為對象，自2005年起開始監測大氣溫度、溪流水溫以及表土5、30與50公分處的溫度。由累積5年的資料，獲知：試驗期間哈盆溪濱水帶區之大氣溫度、溪流水及土壤5、30、及50cm深處之年均溫度分別為17.7、17.6、17.9、18.0及18.1℃，大氣及溪流水的最高月均溫發生在7月，而土壤各層次的最高月均溫則發生在8月；大氣、溪流水及土壤各層次的最低月均溫則均發生於1月。哈盆溪流域氣溫、水溫與表土溫度在4月，三者最為接近，約為16.5℃，而當大氣溫度低於15.5℃時，溪流水溫為三者中最高者，深層土壤的溫度則次之。全年度溫度的變化幅度由大至小依次為：大氣、5cm深土溫、30cm深土溫、50cm深土溫、溪流水溫，且均呈顯著的變化。大氣溫度的日變化最為顯著，表土5cm深的土壤溫度次之，再次為溪流水溫，30cm深的土壤溫度的日變化則多屬不顯著。除9~12月外，溪流水溫的日變化幅度均小於表土5cm深的土壤溫度變化幅度。30cm以下的土壤溫度日變化的幅度均小於0.5℃，顯示深層土壤溫度幾乎無日變化。此外，本報告亦建立各月份溪流水溫及監測深度之土壤溫度與大氣溫度的相關回歸方程式。希望藉著本研究能提供哈盆溪濱水帶生態系運作的基礎資料。

關鍵字

溪流水溫 ； 表土溫度 ； 大氣溫度 ； 哈盆溪

並列摘要

Primary important temperatures in forest ecosystems are associated with the air, topsoil, and streamflow. However, previous studies mostly examined these factors individually. Limited studies investigating these temperatures in the same plot can be found especially in a forest environment. We recorded temperatures of the air, topsoil layers and streamflow in a riparian area of Harpen Creek of the Fushan Experimental Forest from 2005, and we accumulated more than 5 yr of continuous records. The analytical results showed that the average yearly temperatures for air, streamflow, and 5-, 30-, and 50-cm soil layers during the monitoring period were 17.7, 17.6, 17.9, 18.0, and 18.1℃, respectively. The highest average monthly temperature for air and streamflow occurred in July, while those for the soil layers occurred in August. The minimum monthly average temperatures for all monitoring items occurred in January. Air, streamflow, and topsoil layers had nearly the same monthly average temperature of about 16.5℃ in the month of April for the Harpen Creek drainage basin. When the air temperature was ＜15.5℃, the streamflow had the highest temperature among all monitored items, and the second highest was the 30-cm soil layer. Yearly temperature fluctuations for all monitoring items were significant, and the descending rank of ranges of yearly temperature changes was air, 5-cm soil layer, 30-cm soil layer, 50-cm soil layer, and streamflow. Air temperature had the maximum magnitude of changes within a day for all months, and the second was the temperature of the 5-cm topsoil layer. However, the maximum magnitude of daily changes was ＜0.5℃ for soil layers deeper than 30 cm, and this indicated that there was only a small and insignificant diurnal change in temperatures of deeper soil layers. The magnitude of changes of streamflow temperature within a day was less than that for the 5-cm soil layer except for the period from September to December. In addition, the linear regression relationships for air temperature versus streamflow temperature and air temperature versus temperatures of the monitored topsoil layers were also established in this report. Hopefully those investigations will provide knowledge of the riparian ecosystem of Harpen Creek.

並列關鍵字

temperature regime ； streamflow temperature ； soil temperature ； Harpen Creek