Quantitative Analysis of Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Case Study of Paiwan People in Jialan Village, Taiwan

傳統生態知識的量化分析：嘉蘭村排灣族人的個案研究

吳俊賢(Chin-Shien Wu) ； 吳孟珊(Meng-Shan Wu) ； 陳溢宏(Yi-Honng Chen)

《台灣林業科學》 29卷3期 (2014/09) Pp. 205-219

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201409_29(3).0004

摘要

原住民族共管經營土地的合法性部分來自長年存在的祖先傳統，而原住民傳統生態知識是用口語、傳說、祭典等儀式傳承下來，少有文字記載，因此本研究採問卷方式針對台東縣金峰鄉嘉蘭村排灣族原住民進行普查，探究原住民理論面與實踐面的傳統生態知識及其影響因素。研究發現理論面的傳統生態知識非均質的，性別等社經因素均對其有顯著影響，此外，年輕族群對傳統生態知識的認知程度較低，顯示知識出現流失的現象。在知識的實踐使用方面，雖然研究地點比鄰森林資源，但約三成的受訪者無使用動植物的行為，從使用頻率及方式可知原住民不再完全依賴森林資源的生活型態，但實踐面的傳統生態知識很少受性別等社經因素所影響。最後本研究發現有採集植物者，其植物方面的傳統生態知識在理論面與實踐面成顯著正相關，符合一般理論假設。

關鍵字

傳統生態知識 ； 保育 ； 森林經營 ； 原住民

並列摘要

To the public, aboriginal peoples' legitimacy for co-management of the land partly comes from traditions passed down through history. In the past, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) was transmitted by oral history, fables, and ceremonies, instead of being written down and documented. The purpose of this study was to discover existing contents and influencing factors of theoretical and practical TEK. Questionnaires were used to investigate the Paiwan people who live in Jialan Village, Jinfeng Township, Taitung County. Results showed that respondents had mediumgrade theoretical TEK. However, this cognitive ability was not homogeneous across individuals. Gender and other socioeconomic factors had a significant influence on awareness of theoretical TEK. It was noteworthy that the respondents' awareness level of theoretical TEK increased with age. As for practical TEK, although the study area is near forests, about 30% of the respondents used neither plants nor animals. According to the use and collection frequencies, it is clear that these aborigines no longer wholly depend on natural resources for their daily lives. Socioeconomic factors also rarely influenced respondents' practical TEK. Finally, we found a positive and statistically significant correlation between the theoretical TEK of plants and the plants used in line with theoretical expectations.

並列關鍵字

traditional ecological knowledge ； conservation ； forest management ； aboriginal people