棲蘭檜木林不同林地類型之野生動物群聚

Mammal Assemblages of Different Forest Types in the Cilan Cypress Forest

陳一銘(Yi-Ming Chen) ； 何紋靈(Wun-Ling He) ； 翁瑞鴻(Ruei-Hong Wong) ； 葛兆年(Chao-Nien Kuo)

《台灣林業科學》 30卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 75-88

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201503_30(1).0006

摘要

棲蘭檜木林是台灣代表性的山地雲霧林之一，在生物多樣性保育中具有重要的地位，然而有關其野生動物群聚的研究仍然不足。我們於2010W2013年間在棲蘭檜木林區選擇原始林（無人為干擾）、整理林（枯倒木移除）與人工林（皆伐後造林或天然更新）等三種林地類型進行動物豐量之比較研究，以自動相機進行調查。總共完成310次獨立之自動相機取樣，計10,231工作天，攝得2710筆哺乳類影像資料，含山羌（Muntiacus reevesi）、台灣野山羊（Capricornis swinhoe）、台灣獼猴（Macaca cyclopis）、鼬獾（Melogale moschata）、野豬（Sus scrofa）、食蟹獴（Herpestes urva）、黃鼠狼（Mustela sibirica）、黃喉貂（Martes flavigula）、白面鼯鼠（Petaurista alborufus）、赤腹松鼠（Callosciurus erythraeus）、長吻松鼠（Dremomys pernyi）與條紋松鼠（Tamiops maritimus）等12種以及無法辨識的地棲性鼠科（Muridae）動物，其中食蟹與黃喉貂為本地區新紀錄。最優勢的三種動物為山羌、野山羊與台灣獼猴，共佔所有動物影像的93.1%，其相對組成在三種林地類型間差異顯著。比較各物種的出現頻度（OI值，影像數／1000h），只有野山羊的OI值在三種林地類型間具有顯著差異，而以人工林顯著高於原始林。在同樣的林地類型中，山羌的OI值數據變異較大，於原始林的樣區間、人工林的樣區間都有極顯著差異；野山羊的OI值數據變異小，無論在何種林地類型的樣區間皆無顯著差異，推測可能與野山羊的攀爬能力較強有關。主成分分析（PCA）因素負荷量圖顯示原始林與整理林區隔不明顯，而人工林樣區則彼此較接近。我們認為整理林歷經長期復原，目前動物群聚與原始林差異不大，而皆伐後的更新造林地所受的影響則比較長遠。

關鍵字

棲蘭山 ； 檜木林 ； 枯倒木整理 ； 野生動物群聚 ； 自動相機

並列摘要

The Cypress Forests (Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana) at Cilan are a symbolic mountain cloud forest ecosystem in Taiwan, and play an important role in biodiversity conservation; however studies of mammal assemblages of the area are still insufficient. We conducted a comparative study on mammal abundances in the Cilan area during 2010~2013. Three forest types were selected: virgin forests (undisturbed), managed forests (from which snags and fallen logs had been removed), and plantations (reforested after having been clear-cut). The camera- trapping method was applied at 4 different sample sites in each forest type. By establishing 310 independent camera-trapping events, with an effort of 10,231 camera-days, 12 species of mammals were photo-captured as follows: Reeve’s Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Formosan Serow (Capricornis swinhoe), Formosan Macaque (Macaca cyclopis), Ferret Badger (Melogale moschata), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Crab-eating Mongoose (Herpestis urva), Siberian Weasel (Mustila sibirica), Yellow- throated Marten (Martes flavigula), White-faced Flying-squirrel (Pitaurista alborufus), Redbellied Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), Long-nosed Squirrel (Dremomys pernyi), and Striped Squirrel (Tamiops maritimus), in addition to unidentified members of the Muridae. Records of the Crab-eating Mongoose and Yellow-throated Marten are new to the Cilan area. The top 3 most recorded species were Reeve’s Muntjac, Formosan Serow, and Formosan Macaque, comprising a major portion (91.3%) of the captured images. Relative compositions of these 3 dominant mammals significantly differed among the 3 forest types. Based on the occurrence index (OI, number of images/1000 camera-hours) of the animals, only the Formosan Serow showed distinct differences among the 3 forest types. Its OI value was higher in plantations than in virgin forests. The OI data set of Reeve’s Muntjac showed more variation within the same forest type, with distinct differences among all sample sites in both of the virgin and plantation forests. On the other hand, the OI of the Formosan Serow was less variable, which might have resulted from their superior climbing ability. A principle component analysis (PCA) plot revealed that there was no segregation between the virgin forest sites and managed forest sites, while the 4 plantation sites were closer. We concluded that there were no obvious differences in the mammal assemblages between virgin forests and managed forests, which have undergone succession for several decades. However, plantations regenerated from clear-cut stands exhibited more long-term influences.

並列關鍵字

Cilan ； cypress forest ； cloud forest ； wildlife assemblage ； photo-trapping