Air Temperature Influenced the Vocal Activity of Birds in a Subtropical Forest in Southern Taiwan

南臺灣亞熱帶森林氣溫變化對鳥類鳴叫行為之影響

廖俊傑(Chun-Chieh Liao) ； 謝寶森(Bao-Sen Shieh) ； 陳炤杰(Chao-Chieh Chen)

《台灣林業科學》 33卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 291-304

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201812_33(4).0004

摘要

Singing activities of birds in the early spring are mainly controlled by the photoperiod and other environmental factors such as temperature, food, and rainfall. In this study, we monitored the vocal activity of a forest bird community in the Shan-Ping Forest Ecological Garden, southern Taiwan, to explore the influence of ambient temperature on the vocal behavior of birds. An acoustic monitoring system was set up to record bird sounds throughout the morning hours in March of 2011 and 2012, and the air temperature was recorded on the hour by a data logger. Recorded soundscape files were sampled, transcribed, and analyzed. Results showed that both the number of bird species and vocal activity detected in 10-min intervals sampled from 6 morning hours were positively correlated with the air temperature in both years. At the species level, the relationship between vocal activity and air temperature was found to be significant for 6 of 16 common resident species. Furthermore, air temperature at 10:00 or 11:00 appeared to be a better predictor of vocal activities of birds in the study plot than those measured from 06:00 to 09:00. This study illustrated that the vocal activity of a forest bird community was strongly influenced by air temperature and closely fluctuated with the dynamics of cold fronts. We propose that this relationship could be developed into a bioassay to examine the influence of global warming on spring singing of birds through autonomous recording.

關鍵字

autonomous recording ； bird community ； cold front ； singing behavior ； soundscape

並列摘要

鳥類在繁殖季初期的鳴唱活動除了會受到光週期的調控之外，溫度、食物量及降雨量也都是重要的環境影響因子。本研究在扇平森林生態科學園區藉由自動錄音監測系統探討早春氣溫變化對鳥類鳴叫行為的影響。我們在2011年與2012年的三月份，錄下每天清晨到中午的鳥類鳴叫聲，並放置溫度監測器進行溫度資料取樣。我們選取寒流來襲前後期間約兩週的錄音資料，並以人工方式進行轉錄。野外錄音結果顯示，無論是鳥種數或鳴叫頻度皆與氣溫呈顯著正相關。16種當地常見的鳥類中，有6種的鳴叫頻度與氣溫變化有顯著正相關。此外，本研究也發現每日上午10:00或11:00的溫度較上午06:00到09:00的溫度更適合用來預測鳥類鳴叫頻度受氣溫變化的影響。綜合上述，鳥類群聚的鳴叫行為確實會受到溫度變化的影響，且寒流所帶來的氣溫波動與鳥類鳴叫行為有共振的效應。我們認為自動錄音系統非常適合用來探索氣候變遷對早春鳥類繁殖鳴叫行為的影響。

並列關鍵字

自動錄音 ； 鳥類群聚 ； 寒流 ； 鳴叫行為 ； 聲景