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Extractive Contents and DPPH-Scavenging Activities of Bamboo Leaf Extracts from Gigantochloa atter, Dendrocalamus asper, and Gigantochloa verticillata
三竹種（Gigantochloa atter, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa verticillata）竹葉萃取物含量及清除DPPH自由基活性
摘要
In this study, we investigated the extractive contents, phenolic content, and DPPH-scavenging activity of leaf extracts of 3 commonly cultivated bamboo species (Gigantochloa atter, Dendrocalamus asper, and G. verticillata) from Tlogoadi Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Extractions were successively done by reflux, using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot water. The extracts were subjected to the following procedures: phytochemical screening for alkaloids, saponins, and tannins; a colorimetric assay for total phenolic and flavonoid contents; and a DPPH radical-scavenging capacity assay. Results showed that hot water produced the highest yields of G. atter (3.62%) and D. asper (3.16%), while n-hexane produced the highest yield of G. verticillata (2.46%). Phytochemical screening detected saponins in the hot-water extract of G. atter, and tannins were present in the ethanol (70%, v v^(-1)) extract of all 3 bamboo species. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the ethyl-acetate extract of D. asper (26.09 mg gallic acid equivalents g^(-1)) and G. verticillata (92.67 mg quercetin equivalents g^(-1)), respectively. The hot water-soluble extract of G. verticillata showed the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration of 662.41 μg ml^(-1). The present study indicates that the 3 bamboo leaf extracts can potentially be used as natural sources of antioxidants and phytochemicals, especially the polar extract of G. verticillata with its high flavonoid content and mild DPPH-scavenging activity.
並列摘要
本研究旨在調查印度尼西亞日惹特區Tlogoadi村三種常見栽培竹種（Gigantochloa atter , Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa verticillata）竹葉中萃取物與酚類的含量及清除DPPH自由基活性。試驗方法是採用回流法，依序使用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和熱水進行萃取。萃取物之生物鹼、皂苷和單寧含量透過植物化學篩選程序測定，總酚、類黃酮含量及和DPPH自由基清除能力則透過比色法測定。研究結果顯示，G. atter和D. asper以熱水萃取產率最高，G. verticillata以正己烷萃取產率最高，產率分別為3.62，3.16和2.46%。植物化學篩選檢測結果，皂苷可在G. atter以熱水萃取，以乙醇（70%, v/v）萃取可在三竹種中取得單寧。總酚和類黃酮含量以乙酸乙酯萃取，含量最高分別是D. asper的26.09 mg GAE/g及G. verticillata的92.67 mg QE/g。G. verticillata的熱水溶性萃取產物顯示IC_(50)值最低，為662.41μg/ ml。總結，本研究顯示三種竹葉萃取物具備被用來萃取抗氧化劑和植物化學物質天然來源的潛力，尤其是G. verticillata含有高含量的類黃酮和溫和清除DPPH自由基活性的極性萃取產物。