句型問答教學對國小高功能自閉症兒童問句理解之影響

本研究目的在探討句型問答教學對兩位國小低年級高功能自閉症兒童理解三個問句之影響。為了瞭解句型問答教學是否能增進自閉症兒童語句詞序理解能力，有效區辨三個詞序、語意不同的問句，因此，本研究透過相同圖片情境，採用跨不同問句多探試單一受試實驗設計，先後進行三個有關圖中主事者行為、主事者、受事者等不同語意問句的教學，即「S（主詞）在做什麼？」，「誰在V（動詞）？」，「誰被V（動詞）？」，以瞭解學生接受十五週的句型問答教學後，能否有效區辨三個不同詞序、不同語意的問句。研究結果顯示：一、第一階段的句型問答教學能增進兩位自閉症兒童回應「S在做什麼？」問句的能力，但似乎未能增進其詞序理解能力，所以當新句型介入教學時，其回應「S在做什麼？」的能力明顯下降，須經第二階段的句型問答補救教學後，方有良好的短期保留與類化效果。二、第一階段的句型問答教學對受試甲回應「誰在V？」問句句型具有初期立即效果，但對受試乙來說，句型二學習初期明顯受到句型－教學的影響，常將句型二誤解為句型一，所以立即效果較不顯著。另外，第一階段的句型問答教學似乎未能促進兩位受試者的詞序理解能力，所以當新句型介入教學時，其回應「誰在V？」的能力明顯下降，須經第二階段的句型問答補救教學後，方有良好的短期保留與類化效果。三、第一階段的句型問答教學對自閉症兒童理解「誰被V？」問句的初期介入立即效果並不顯著，兩位受試者皆於句型三學習初期明顯受到句型二教學的影響，所以立即效果較不顯著。不過，由於兩位受試者學習該句型後，沒有新句型的介入，所以句型三較前兩個句型具有良好的維持效果、短期保留與類化效果。

關鍵字

句型問答教學；高功能自閉症兒童；問句理解

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sentence pattern instruction on question comprehension for two boys with autism. A single subject design with multiple baselines across three different sentence patterns was employed in this study. Three sentence patterns were ”What is S doing?” ”Who is V-ing ?” and ”Whom is V-ed ?” Results indicated that the boys' correct responses to the sentence pattern ”What is S doing?” significantly increased after intervention, but their correct responses decreased under the anticipated level during the second-stage of intervention. Their question comprehension scores bounced back to the anticipated level after brief remedial instruction, and kept well during the follow-up phase. The boys' question comprehension for the sentence pattern ”Who is V-ing?” was different after instruction. The second-grader's correct responses of this sentence pattern significantly increased after intervention, but the first-grader improved gradually. Their correct responses decreased under the anticipated level during the second-stage of intervention. However, their question comprehension scores bounced back to the anticipated level after brief remedial instruction, and kept well during the follow-up phase. Finally, the boys' correct responses to the sentence pattern ”Whom is V-ed?” didn't significantly increase after intervention, rather improved gradually. In addition, they kept high correct response rates during the second-stage of intervention and follow-up phase.