台灣年輕女性性別角色特質之研究－以高中高職畢（肄）業女性為例

The Gender Role Characteristics of Young Taiwanese Women-The Case of Non-college Educated Women

劉珠利(Chu-Li Liu)

《東吳社會工作學報》 13期 (2005/12) Pp. 45-84

https://doi.org/10.29734/SJSW.200512.0002

摘要

目前社會工作知識是以西方世界的白種人為對象，所發展出的知識為教材，因此在實務工作上經常產生落差。目前全球社會工作界已發現，發展跨文化的人類發展知識，是當今的要務。因此，本研究的目的在於探討成長於台灣民主時代、教育程度為高中高職、年輕女性的性別角色特質，補充社會工作的知識基礎。本研究以質性研究中的紮根理論取向為研究方法，以深度訪問的方式收集資料，以開放性編碼，主軸性編碼，選擇性編碼的方式分析資料，最後以文獻對照以及同儕討論的方式，來驗證研究結果。本研究共訪問20位年齡為19至21歲，成長於台灣進入民主時代、教育程度為高中高職的年輕女性。研究結果顯示，本研究的受訪者接受傳統中所賦予長女的角色，抵抗傳統女性以家人的需要置於自己的需要之前的作法，也抵抗傳統中以性別區分行為舉止的規範；自覺到女性在兩性關係中，仍舊位居弱勢的角色，自覺金錢可以為她們帶來力量，自覺維護男性在公開場合的面子仍舊重要；在接受與拒絕傳統女性角色規範，並且自覺現階段女性的地位之後，本研究的受訪者對於未來的計畫是讓自己經濟獨立，將婚姻視為是生命中的一項選擇，不是女性生命的唯一，希望過的自由自在。本研究的結果可以讓教師納入人類發展的知識基礎，擴展社會工作學生對於台灣女性性別角色的認識。除此之外，本研究也對性別在社會工作實務的運用，提出建議。根據本研究的結果，本文最後建議台灣充權的社會工作實務應該將重心轉移至社會與政治的層面。

關鍵字

台灣女性 ； 性別角色 ； 質性研究

並列摘要

Social work originally was stemmed from Western world and the knowledge base was also derived from the understanding and research of the Westerners. Due to the lack of understanding and research of Taiwanese people, Western theories are employed in social work education in Taiwan for years, including the knowledge of human growth and development. The links between social work knowledge and social work practice are often questioned by social work practitioners in Taiwan. To date, gender, race/ethnicity/culture, and social class become important lenses in understanding people. Therefore, Western theories should not be the bibles of social work education around the world. This study aims to explore the gender identity characteristics of Taiwanese young women, especially the case of non-college educated young women. As a result, the findings expand the understanding of women.A grounded theory research method was employed. In-depth interviews were adopted to collect data. Data collection stopped when the findings had reached the point of saturation. Twenty Taiwanese young women, aged 19 to 21, were interviewed. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were adopted to analyze data. Comparing the results to literature and peer debriefing served the purpose of validating the findings.The findings revealed that young Taiwanese women in this study are in compliance with some traditional prescribed norms, for example the duty of eldest daughters in the family. They resisted the prescribed norms that women should put others' needs before their own needs and sacrifice themselves. They also resisted the prescribed behavior norms for women. Young women in this study were aware that women are still disadvantaged and powerless in man-woman relationship, then, self-sufficiency becomes the means they adopted to locate power in the relationships. Helping men save faces is still prevalent in Taiwan, therefore, they complied with this prescribed norm in public and adopted a different strategy in private. Given the awareness that women are still powerless, young women in this study picture their future as self-sufficiency, thus, it brings them with choices and freedom.Implications for social work education and social work practice are addressed. The findings expand the understanding of women and can be included in the teaching materials for human growth and development. The findings also suggest that the focus of empowerment for women should be shifted to social and political levels in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese women ； gender roles ； qualitative research

參考文獻

江文瑜、邱貴芬(1997)。查某儂嘛要抓狂－當代台灣流行女歌的後殖民女性主義詮釋與批判。中外文學。26(2)，23-48。

呂秀蓮(1990)。新女性主義。台北:前衛出版社。

李美枝()。

李美枝(1996)。性別與性別角色論。本土心理研究。6，260-299。

李藹慈(1992)。傳統與非傳統職業婦女職業選擇之相關變項比較研究(碩士論文)。師範大學社會教育學系。