Examining organizational- and individual-level predictors of career success has been highly concerned by academics and practitioners in recent years. In this study, we use both systems of contest mobility and sponsored mobility to examine the determinants of career success. Results based on data from 36 companies’ supervisor-subordinate dyads indicated that sponsored-mobility talent management system was positively related to career satisfaction, promotability, and leadership potential. Results also showed that the effect of sponsored-mobility talent management system on career satisfaction and promotability was fully mediated by leadership potential. This study is one of few research using empirical methods to examine the topics of talent management, leadership potential, and career success. These findings have important implications both for practitioners and academics.