大陸農村集體土地承包經營權現狀與展望

Current Situation and Prospect of the Rural Land Contract Management Rights in Mainland

劉俊(Jun Liu) ； 胡大武(Da-Wu Hu)

《東海大學法學研究》 27期 (2007/12) Pp. 151-206

https://doi.org/10.29722/TULR.200712.0005

摘要

大陸土地承包經營權承載著兩個價值目標，即保障性目標和財產商品性目標。為確保保障目標的實現，大陸立法對土地承包經營權的轉讓附加了諸多限制。而經濟發展日益要求土地承包經營權的財產商品性目標應該優位於保障性目標。就土地承包經營權未來發展趨勢而言，乃以土地商品化為核心。然而商品化目標的有效實現在現有法律制度框架下，理論上需要分離土地保障性權利和土地上可以商品化之權利，並在不同環節制訂保護和轉移規則。因此取消集體土地所有權歸國家所有，將農村集體改變為農村專業合作組織，其不再享有農村土地所有權人的主體資格，通過不同環節確保農民對土地之保障權利和土地上之物權均得以各就其位，各自按照不同規則運行，以實現土地保障和土地交換價值。這是未來大陸農村土地發展之路。

關鍵字

集體 ； 土地承包經營權 ； 國有化

並列摘要

There are two value goals of the land contract management rights in Mainland. They are goals of security and property commoditization. For realizing the target of security, it is set up too much restriction on the transfer of the land contract management rights by law in Mainland. But it is needed that the property commoditization of the land contract management rights is superior to the security of that along with the economic development. The land commoditization is the core for the land contract management rights in future. However, under the current frame of legislation, it is required to separate the right of land security from the land commoditization theoretically and enact protection and transfer rules and regulations in different links for achieving the goal of commoditization effectively. Therefore, for realizing the value of the land security and transfer, it is demanded to annul the land collective ownership and return it to the state ownership, turn over the rural collective to the rural professional cooperation organization, let the organization not to hold the subject qualification of the rural land owner, ensure the right of land security of farmers and operate the real rights on land in different rules and regulations through different links. It is the intending pathway of the rural land development in Mainland.

並列關鍵字

Collective ； Land contract management rights ； Nationalization