析論區域貿易協定透明化機制在世界貿易組織之進展

全球化與區域整合之發展幾乎以同步之方式進行，世界上不斷增加的區域貿易協定，對多邊貿易體系產生重要影響，而這些影響並不全然對多邊貿易談判之進展皆為有利，同時對於區域內之成員亦非全然有利。從WTO法律體系觀之，RTA與多邊貿易架構可同時並存，不論RTA以何種形式出現，都具有「相互優惠」之本質。從GATT年代起便訂有RTA之通知義務，但實行成效不彰；烏拉圭回合談判後，雖將RTA之審查交由區域貿易協定委員會（CRTA）執行，不過仍是無法解決效率低落的問題。杜哈回合談判啟動後，2006年WTO秘書處公布一項新的RTA透明化機制（RTA-TM），會員通過以暫時施行之方式運作，期望在杜哈回合談判結束時，會員間能達成共識建立一部新的有關RTA-TM的多邊貿易協定。本文討論RTA之發展及衍生問題、析論RTA-TM之沿革－CRTA之綜合性審查程序（流程），詳述RTA透明化機制之運作模式與體系架構，提出結論，並以我國在新的TM制度下所面臨之問題提出因應與政策建議。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織；透明化機制；區域貿易協定委員會；區域貿易協定；自由貿易協定

並列摘要

Globalization and regional economic integration parallel developed in the same direction. Rapidly increasing Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) make important effects for multilateral trading system during the last decades. These effects are not always benefit to the process of multilateral negotiation, and do not always bring positive result for RTA members as well. From the view of WTO law, RTA and multilateral trading system can legally exist at the same time through the exceptions of WTO provisions. RTAs have the nature of mutual preferential treatment in various formations. Since GATT era, members have the obligations to notify WTO their engaging in RTA negotiation, but the processes are always delayed. After Uruguay Round negotiation, the Regional Trade Agreement Committee (CRTA) in charges of the review of RTAs, unfortunately, it is still criticized as ineffectiveness. Currently at Doha negotiation, WTO announces in 2006 a new RTA Transparency Mechanism (TM). This TM enforces by WTO members in a preliminary basis, and is expected to establish a new multilateral trade agreement on RTA transparency at the end of Doha round. This article discusses the development and critical issues of RTA, and then introduces the historical comprehensive review process of CRTA. After above analysis, this article explores the above new TM model and systematic framework. Finally, the conclusion exams Taiwan's participating in TM process and provides the policy suggestions.