從明《千金記》到清《綴白裘》的項羽人物書寫

本論文探勘從明傳奇劇本《千金記》到清戲曲選本《綴白裘》中的項羽人物書寫，首先整體梳理《千金記》中韓信、項羽兩頭對立的情節結構，其次鎖定《千金記》中書寫項羽的關目情節，縱向爬梳這些關目情節的根源與演變，往前溯源至《史記》〈項羽本紀〉，往後探求則以《善本戲曲叢刊》收錄三十四部明清戲曲選本為觀察對象，從中探討諸劇作之項羽人物書寫。最終以《綴白裘》為選本的代表，詳論《綴白裘》對《千金記》的繼承與變異。思考的結論認為《千金記》中流傳後世者以項羽關目居多的原因有三：一，《千金記》在情節結構的安排上，以高度集中密集的佈局方式，敷演項羽從極盛轉極衰的戲劇性轉折，從而帶給讀者強烈震撼的悲劇性的審美效果。二，《千金記》對於《史記》素材的擷取與改造，是以重筆加強凸顯項羽的霸王形象，以旁人口吻，淡筆輕描淡寫項羽的性格弱點，使得歷代觀眾在刪汰中去蕪存菁、修飾增潤。三，明中葉以來到清乾隆間《綴白裘》等諸多戲曲選本中所選錄的《千金記》，隨著時間的流逝，韓信關目漸少、項羽關目漸多，韓信關目被保留下來的，卻是源自北雜劇，可知《千金記》中描寫韓信關目的內容較項羽者為遜色。終至《綴白裘》中所呈現的項羽，在確立淨飾項羽的霸王形象之餘，更增添與虞姬之間兒女情長的人性情感，甚且渲染末路英雄的悲劇色彩，成為舞臺上盛演不衰、屹立不搖的霸王。

關鍵字

《千金記》；《綴白裘》；項羽；韓信；人物書寫；悲劇英雄

並列摘要

This paper explores the characterization of Xiang Yu depicted from the Ming's Chuanqi script Qian-Jin-Ji to Qing's selected drama script Zhui-Bai-Qiu. In this study, the opposing plot between Xiang Yu and Han Xin in Qian-Jin-Ji is first organized. Then it is followed by the characterization of Xiang Yu tracing back from Shi-Ji to Shan-Ben Drama Series. Finally, Zhui-Bai-Qiu is selected as to highlight the inheritance and variation from Qian-Jin-Ji.This paper concludes that:First, Xiang Yu Guan-mu mainly resulted from the concentration of intensive layout of Xiang Yu's dramatic turning point, to rise from misfortune in Qian-Jin-Ji.Second, Xiang Yu Guan-mu is mostly portrayed as the powerful king image adapted from Shi-Ji, which has influenced the audience's positive image of Xiang Yu.Third, Xiang Yu Guan-mu stemmed mainly from the replacement of Xiang Yu for Han Xin in the selected Qian-Jin-Ji out of Zhui-Bai-Qiu, dating back from the middle Ming Dynasty to the Qing Emperor Qianlong. That Han Xin Kuan-mu is retained can be sourced from Bei-Za-Ju, which indicates that the content of Han Xin Kuan-mu is inferior to that of Xiang Yu Guan-mu.Zhui-Bai-Qiu presents Xiang Yu as an unshakable king characterized as the tragic hero. Jing plays Xiang Yu and performs on stage with the affection with Yu Ji.