說何等，云何說－論「云何」體詞性主語用法的來源與演變

The Origin and Change of ＂YUN HE＂ on the Functions of Substantive

曾昱夫(Tseng, Yu-fu)

《東吳中文學報》 34期 (2017/11) Pp. 357-378

摘要

「云何」與「何等」為漢譯佛經中常見的兩個疑問詞，兩者原本具有不同的語法功能及語義表達重心。然而透過《菩薩地持經》與《菩薩善戒經》兩部同經異譯的佛典對比的結果來看，「云何」與「何等」已可出現在相同的疑問句式，表達相同的語義概念，顯示原有的分工已產生混同的趨勢。本文分析兩個疑問詞在兩部譯經中的使用情形，指出這一趨同的現象，涉及語法結構的改變，以及語義概念的轉移。在句式結構重新分析與語義概念出現歧義的雙重作用底下，因而導致「云何」逐漸朝向「何等」趨同的演變結果。

關鍵字

疑問詞 ； 體詞 ； 云何 ； 何等

並列摘要

＂YUN HE＂ and ＂HE DENG＂ are two common Question Words in Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures. Originally, they had different grammatical functions and semantic expressions. However, the comparison between ＂Bodhisattvabhūmi＂ (translated by Dharmaksema) and ＂Bodhisattvabhūmi＂ (translated by Gunavarman) shows that these two different words could exist at the same position and express the same meaning in the sentences. It means the original division of ＂YUN HE＂ and ＂HE DENG＂ has been changed and used with the same functions and expressions. Therefore, this article analyzes the usage of two question words in these two different versions of Buddhist Scriptures and found that this change related to reanalysis of the sentence structures and extensions of the meaning. Under the influence of reanalyzed sentence structures and extended meanings, it led to the result of the change.

並列關鍵字

Question Words ； substantive ； YUN HE ； HE DENG

參考文獻

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