《國語》釋詞五則

Interpretations of Five Phrases in Guó Yŭ

黃聖松(Huang, Sheng-Sung)

《東吳中文學報》 Issue 45 (2023/05) Pp. 1-23

Abstracts

本文討論《國語》五處可商榷文詞，一是〈周語上〉「司商協民姓」與〈晉語四〉「利器明德，以厚民性」之「民姓」應讀「民生」，「民生」泛言人民生活所需財用——包含工具、物資與財物等。「司商」乃管理商業之官，「司商協民姓」謂司商掌握民生物資之多寡，藉此可知人民數量。二是〈齊語〉「政不旅舊，則民不偷」之「旅」，於此釋為「寄寓」，言政事不可寄寓舊人。三是〈晉語六〉「使勿兜」之「兜」，字形應作「𠑹」，據出土材料實是「卵」字。「卵」讀「䜌」訓「亂」，「使勿𠑹」言「使勿亂」。四是〈晉語七〉「使臣狃中軍之司馬」之「狃」，應讀「羞」而解作提升、拔擢，乃命魏絳進任中軍之司馬。五是〈吳語〉「夫申胥、華登簡服吳國之士於甲兵」之「簡」，此「簡」應釋為檢閱而「服」有「習」義。全句指吳大夫申胥與華登檢閱與訓練吳國披堅執銳之士，未嘗有折損之情事。

Keywords

《國語》 ； 韋昭 ； 釋詞 ； 俞樾 ； 《群經平議》

Parallel abstracts

There five phrases need to be discussed more in "Guó Yŭ." The first are the sentences "Sī shāng xie min xing" in "Zhōu Yǔ Shàng" and "Li qi ming dé, yǐ hòu mín xing" in "Jin Yǔ Sì." The two phrases "mín xìng" should be read as "mín shēng." It refers to the needs of people's life including tools, supplies, and possessions. "Sī-shāng" is an official who manages business affairs. The sentence "Sī-shāng xié mín xìng" means "Sī-shāng" masters the amount of people's livelihood resources; therefore, he could get the precise number of population by this method. The second is the sentence "Zhèng bù lǚ jiù, zé mín bù tōu" in "Qi Yǔ." The word "lǚ" could be interpreted as the verb "jì yù." In other words, when recommending government affairs, you cannot be entrusted to people you know. The third is the phrase "shǐ wù dōu (兜)" in "Jin Yǔ Liù." The word "兜" should be "𠑹". According to the unearthed materials, it is actually the word "卵". The word "卵" should pronounce as "luan." It is interpreted as the verb "confuse"; therefore, the phrase "shǐ wu luan (𠑹)" means "do not get confused with something or someone." The fourth is the sentence "shǐ chén niǔ (狃) zhōng jūn zhī Sī-mǎ" in "Jin Yǔ Qī." The word "niǔ (狃)" should pronounce as "xiū." It means to let someone get promotion or to select the best person for promotion. The whole sentence means Wèi Jiang was ordered to promote to the Sī-mǎ (General) of the Central Army. The fifth is the sentence "Fū Shēn-xū, Huá Dēng jiǎn fú Wú guó zhī shi yú jiǎ Bing" in "Wú Yǔ." The word "jiǎn" should be interpreted as "to review the troops." The word "fu" means to train. The whole sentence refers to the fact that Shēn-xū (Dàfū of Wú State) and Hua Deng reviewed and trained the Wu's strong and determined warriors who never lost a battle.

Parallel keywords

"Guó Yŭ" ； Wéi Zhāo ； Interpretations of Phrases ； Yú Yuè ； "Qún Jīng Ping Yi"

References

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〔周〕屈原等著，〔漢〕王逸章句，〔宋〕洪興祖補注：《楚辭補注》（臺北：大安出版社，1995 年）。

〔周〕孫武著，〔漢〕曹操等注，楊丙安整理：《十一家注孫子校理》（北京：中華書局，1999 年，據宋刊《十一家注孫子》為底本點校排印）。

〔周〕荀況著，〔清〕王先謙集解，沈嘯寰、王星賢點校：《荀子集解》（北京：中華書局，1997 年，據清光緒十七年辛卯（1891）王先謙刻本為底本點校排印）。

〔周〕莊周著，〔清〕郭慶藩集釋：《莊子集釋》（臺北：貫雅文化公司，1991 年）。