The Relationship between Children's ToM and Their Social Loafing Behavior

台灣學前幼兒之心智理論與其社會墮化行為之關係研究

林宜慧(Yi-Hui Lin) ； 簡淑真(Shu-Chen Chien)

《輔仁民生學誌》 18卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 27-43

https://doi.org/10.29440/FJJHE.201212.0002

摘要

一些研究心智理論的學者指出，幼兒的心智狀態的推理能力可能影響其社交功能。然而，幼兒心智理論與其社會墮化行為的實證研究卻付之闕如。因此，本研究試圖探究學前幼兒之心智理論與社會墮化行為的關係，研究者共邀請48位3至5歲的幼兒個別進行三個心智理論之錯誤信念的測驗，以及單獨鏟沙與三人團體鏟沙之社會墮化行為評估。研究結果顯示，幼兒的年齡與其瞭解自己的錯誤信念與他人的錯誤信念呈現顯著正相關。但年齡對幼兒社會墮化行為表現的影響則不顯著。臺灣學前幼兒的心智理論與其社會墮化行為表現未達顯著相關，此點與其他文化研究場域的研究結果不同。本研究認為文化因素可能是影響台灣學前幼兒社會墮化行為表現的原因之一。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 心智理論 ； 社會墮化行為

並列摘要

Researchers of Theory of Mind (ToM) have suggested that mental-state reasoning ability would likely affect the social functioning. However, research which has empirically documented the link between ToM and social loafing behavior is insufficient. Therefore, the current study attempts to explore how preschooler's ToM abilities and their social loafing behavior are related. This research measured children's ToM through three standard false-belief assessments. An individual as well as a 3-person group-performance condition sand shoveling task were used to measure children's social loafing behavior. Forty-eight preschoolers (ages 3-5 years) participated in the study. Results of the study indicated children's age contributed to their understanding of their own false-belief and others' false-belief significantly. However, the children's age had no significant effect on their expression of social loafing behavior. There is also no significant correlation between children's ToM ability and social loafing behavior. These findings differ from that of others done in other culture settings. Therefore, the researchers believe that cultural ingredients might be the factors that influence the social loafing behavior.

並列關鍵字

preschoolers ； theory of mind ； social loafing behavior