有害事業廢棄物管理之有效對策－保證金制度

An Effective Approach for Hazardous Waste Management: Performance Bond System

葉繼開(Chi-Kai Yeh) ； 蕭代基(Dai-Gee Shaw)

《農業經濟叢刊》 10卷1期 (2004/12) Pp. 25-58

https://doi.org/10.6196/TAER.2004.10.1.2

摘要

政府可用以管理有害事業廢棄物的工具有很多種，目前我國「廢棄物清理法」係採用設施標準、操作許可等命令與管制式工具，然而，因為這種政策工具的誘因不足，以及資訊不對稱的問題，使得有害事業廢棄物無法被妥善處理。
要改進這個缺失，應於現行管理制度中增加併用保證金制度，這樣不僅可提供適當的經濟誘因，促使廠商妥善處理有害事業廢棄物，亦可提供環保主管機關做好查核工作的動機。
在保證金制度的運作流程中，應納入廠商參與式的監督管理機制及資訊公開機制，藉著廠商之間的相互監督及民眾的監督，可避免環保主管機關及廠商的怠惰，使得保證金制度更為健全完善。

關鍵字

有害事業廢棄物 ； 保證金制度 ； 廠商參與 ； 資訊公開

並列摘要

There are several approaches which governments can use to manage hazardous wastes. Currently, the approach used in Taiwan is the command and control approach which includes facility standards, operation permit system, and many others as promulgated by the Waste Disposal Act. Nevertheless, this management approach has not been able to ensure that the hazardous wastes are properly treated due to the lack of incentives for firms to do it well and the problem of asymmetric information.
This paper proposes using the performance bond system for the management of hazardous wastes because it can provide firms with needed incentives to treat the hazardous wastes properly. Furthermore, the performance bond system would also provide the environmental authorities with incentives to inspect and monitor more aggressively.
Also, it is important to include both the firm participatory mechanism and the information disclosure mechanism in the operation of the performance bond system. Those two mechanisms would encourage the firms and the environmental authorities to perform their duties effectively and efficiently.

並列關鍵字

Hazardous Waste ； Performance Bond ； Firm Participation ； Information Disclosure

參考文獻

Bohm, Peter,Clifford S. Russell(1985).In Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics, Vol. 1. Edited by A. V. Kneese and J. L. Sweeny. Amsterdam.The Netherlands:Elsevier Science Publishers B.V..

U.S. EPA(2001).Deposit-Refund System.(In The United States Experience with Economic Incentives for Protecting the Environment. EPA-240-R-01-001).

Bohm, Peter(1981).Deposit-Refund Systems.Washington, D.C.:Resources for the Future.

Russell, Clifford S.(1988).Economics Incentives in the Management of Hazardous Wastes.Columbia Journal of Environmental Law.13,257-274.

Freeman, A. Myrick III(1997).In Environmental Policy in the 1990s, 3rd edition. Edited by Norman Vig and Michael E.Kraft.Washington, D.C.:CQ Press.