影響宜蘭縣有機農業穩定發展之關鍵成功因素探討

有機農業為生產品質與永續發展相互結合的一種全面性方法，為目前農業發展趨勢之一。而以農業為主要經濟命脈的宜蘭縣，近年亦推動許多有機農業政策。回顧文獻發現，較少著墨於探討影響宜蘭縣發展有機農業的關鍵成功因素。因此，本文經由回顧相關文獻，歸納、彙整出宜蘭縣發展有機農業的可能關鍵成功因素，據以設計專家問卷初稿並採三階段施行；首先，請專家進行構面與準則的修正與增減；其次，再以修正德菲法問卷取得專家對構面與準則間相關性的共識；最後，以修正後的構面與準則確立分析網路程序法之問卷內容，由專家評定構面與準則的相對重要性，並依重要性排序提出結論與建議。研究發現：一、在構面方面，以「政策法規面」為最重視，顯示地方政府應積極制定相關法律規範，建立完整體制，推動有機農業；二、在準則方面，五項主要關鍵成功因素為：「增加相關補助、獎勵、融資等政策措施」、「制定宜蘭有機農業輔導管理自治法規」、「推動集團化栽培，規劃有機專區」、「強化有機農產品驗證管理法規並有效落實」、「鼓勵青年回鄉從事有機農業措施」。依此，本文建議應優先實施有機水稻與有機蔬菜的相關法規，建立健全補助與獎勵措施，規劃種植專區等，以提升整體有機發展。

關鍵字

有機農業；關鍵成功因素；修正德菲法；分析網路程序法

並列摘要

Organic agriculture is viewed as a holistic approach that interconnects production quality with sustainable development. It is one of the developing trends in today's agriculture. Taking farming as a major economic lifeline, the Yilan county government has recently promoted numerous policies concerning organic agriculture. A review of literature has found that research focusing on examining the influences of key success factors on the development of organic agriculture is scarce. Drawing from a review of related literature, this study induces and synthesizes the likely key success factors that enable the development of organic agriculture in Yilan county and design a preliminary questionnaire based on experts' comments. This research is divided into three stages: first, experts were asked to revise, increase and decrease certain dimensions and guidelines regarding the factors. Second, experts reached a consensus about the relations between dimensions and guidelines by using the modified Delphi method. Finally, the contents of the questionnaire of the analytic network process (ANP) were confirmed by the use of modified dimensions and guidelines. The experts then assessed the relative significance of the dimensions and the guidelines. The conclusions and suggestions were made from the order of this importance. The major findings of this study included: (1) ＂The Policies and Regulations＂ were seen as the most important dimension. This indicates that the Yilan county government should actively form more strategies and regulations to promote the development of organic agriculture; (2) The first five key successes factors for the development of organic agriculture in Yilan county were to ＂increase related subsidies, incentives, financing and other policy measures,＂ to ＂formulate organic agriculture counseling management autonomy regulations,＂ to ＂promote group cultivation and plan organic areas,＂ to ＂strengthen the verification and management of organic agricultural products and implement them effectively,＂ and to ＂encourage young people to return to their hometown to engage in organic farming measures.＂ (3) In order to promote organic farming as a whole, the priority needs to be taken concerning the implementation of related regulations of organic paddy rice and vegetables, the establishment of perfect subsidies and incentive measures, and the planning of cultivation regions.