全球化下衝突性邊界的觀光規劃―以金門為例

Conflict Borders and Tourism Planning in Globalization: A Case Study of Kinmen

張梨慧(Li-Hui Chang)

《城市與設計學報》 20期 (2008/09) Pp. 131-163

https://doi.org/10.30008/CD.200809.0005

摘要

過去的15年期間，全球政治地理環境發生重大變化，許多政治敏感地區相繼開放，並允許旅客可以自由出入，跨界旅遊因此在全世界發生與蔓延。迅速全球化的過程競爭不斷，結果明顯的改變了較傳統的功能和政治邊境角色，國界不再是阻礙世界觀光發展的要件，本地和跨越邊界地區的旅遊業實質利益日趨重要。本研究以金門爲案例，探討邊界兩邊觀光發展之旅進業規劃的需求。從規劃的觀點，討論何以邊境地區需要特殊考量。邊疆地區因爲實體上它們的位置在國家邊陲，及在經濟上居於國家邊緣，邊疆地區常受到中央政府的忽視。這通常明顯的作用在基本建設與運輸開發不適當、土地運用困難、及環保問題上。許多這些挑戰可藉由跨邊界夥伴關係、及參與式規劃加以克服。垮邊界規劃的成功，是將邊界之一邊的自然資源過度使用與污染所造成之不均衡減到最小的關鍵。同樣的，當來自國際間邊疆兩邊的行政部門進行集體努力時，土地使用衝突可以被解決及基本建設問題可被處理。永續之原則，如公平、均衡、和諧、整體規劃、及文化與環境保育等在垮邊界合作中被付諸實施，及在地草根居民因他們在國家功能習慣性之未參與規劃之邊緣角色在決策制訂中被賦予發聲時，通常會受到擁護與鼓勵。

關鍵字

邊界旅遊業規劃 ； 合作協力規劃 ； 參與式規劃 ； 戰地金門

並列摘要

In the past fifteen years, major changes have taken place in the world’s political geography. Many politically sensitive regions have been opened, and tourists are allowed to enter without restrictions. Cross-border traveling therefore blooms and sprawls the world. Boundaries no longer are obstacles of tourism development in the world, and profits gained from the tourism of domestic and cross-border regions are apt to be more important these days. This study shows why border regions need special considerations from a planning perspective. Owing to their location on the national periphery in physical terms and on the national fringe in socio-economic terms, frontier regions are often ignored by central governments. This is evident iii the typically inadequate infrastructure and transportation development, land use difficulties, and environmental problems. Many of these challenges can be overcome through cross-border partnerships and participatory planning, where all stakeholders are involved. Success in cross-national planning is critical to minimizing the imbalances created by the overuse and pollution of natural resources on one side of the border. Similarly, land-use conflicts can be solved and infrastructure problems addressed when administrations from both sides of international frontiers engage in collaborative efforts. Principles of sustainability such as equity, balance, harmony, holistic planning, and cultural and environmental conservation will generally be espoused and encouraged when cross-border cooperation is put into practice and when residents, who, owing to their customarily marginal role in national functions have not been involved in planning, are given a voice in decision making.

並列關鍵字

borderlands' tourism planning ； partnerships planning ； participatory planning ； battlefield of Kinmen