中醫師對馬兜鈴酸在泌尿上皮癌之觀點

The Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners on Aristolochic Acid-Associated Urothelial Cancer

李昱甫(Yu-Fu Lee) ； 賴榮年(Jung-Nien Lai)

《台灣醫學》 19卷6期 (2015/11) Pp. 602-608

https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2015.19(6).06

摘要

馬兜鈴酸腎病變及泌尿上皮癌，自1993年的比利時事件後，在世界各地已有許多相關研究，也讓世人更加重視中醫藥的安全性。為了能有效的取得中藥安全及療效資訊，在此我們提出兩種研究方法，一為我國健保資料庫或其他醫師或醫院建構的世代研究資料庫，進行回溯性研究；二為中醫師於臨床服務採主動監控，追蹤觀察病志用藥後的安全資訊，即前瞻性觀察臨床研究。研究後我們發現今馬兜鈴酸藥材的危險劑量（慢性腎臟病：木通＞30克或防己＞60克；泌尿道上皮癌：木通＞60克或馬兜鈴酸＞150毫克），及不合馬兜鈴酸藥材經中醫師處方對腎臟的保護作用。有中藥廠加強上市前評估品質及安全性，及中醫師臨床嚴謹的觀察，才能避免藥材誤用，產生藥效不良反應的悲劇發生。

關鍵字

馬兜鈴酸 ； 誤用中藥 ； 中醫 ； 泌尿上皮癌 ； 腎病變

並列摘要

There are many studies about aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy and aristolochic acid-related urothelial cancers after the herbal product usage, which prompted people to pay much attention to the safety issues of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), happened in Belgium in 1993. We propose two major types of outcome research that can be useful to generate evidence for the safety profile of TCM therapies: retrospective exploration of national or currently existing databases, and prospective observational clinical studies targeted on the active surveillance of safety profiles and the effectiveness of TCM. In these of studies, we found the risk doses of herbs containing AA (chronic kidney disease: Mu-Tong＞ 30g, Fang-Chi＞ 60g; urothelial cancer: Mu-Tong＞ 60g, AA＞ 150mg). In addition, renal protective effect of some Chinese herbal remedies (not containing AA) was identified. Only through the strengthening pre-market assessment of quality and safety in herbal product manufacturers and close observation of clinical practice by TCM practitioners, we can prevent the misuse of toxic herbs and the tragedy from adverse effects.

並列關鍵字

aristolochic acid ； misuse ； Chinese herbs ； traditional Chinese medicine ； urothelial carcinoma ； nephropathy

參考文獻

Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, et al: Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 1993; 341:387-91."

Arlt VM, Stiborova M, Schmeiser HH: Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies: a review. Mutagenesis 2002;17:265-77."

IARC: Aristolochia species and aristolochic acids. IARC 2002;82: 69."

Nortier JL, Muniz Martinez MC, Schmeiser HH, et al: Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1686-92."

Ng YY, Yu S, Chen TW, et al: Interstitial renal fibrosis in a young woman: association with a Chinese preparation given for irregular menses. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:2115-7."