- 期刊
六年制藥學系課程設計的理念與原則：以醫院藥學為例
Principles of Course Design for 6-Year Pharmacy Program: Taking Hospital Pharmacy as an Example
摘要
本文針對臺灣大學六年制藥學教育（Pharm.D.)的規劃與醫院藥學臨床服務内容的擴增，介紹其課程設計與理念。首先確認學生所需之核心能力，再反向思考並規劃課程内容，接著是執行有效教學的過程。由於醫藥科技的進步，藥物治療的複雜化，個別化治療的觀念興起，以及對用藥安全的重視，於六年制藥學教育課程中，加入二十一世紀新發展出的藥學科學相關課程以符合社會需求。最後一年的進階臨床實習，包括進階醫院藥學實習，讓實習學生除了藥局調劑及管理業務之外，亦能學習如何以病人為中心提供藥事服務、與醫師，護理師等醫療團隊合作，並提升專業素養。此觀念之形成與落實，實早在1993年，即以藥學研究所醫院藥學組碩士班招考四年制藥學系畢業生就讀兩年的方式，培養及訓練醫院藥學師資及執業藥師；而其課程架構，亦為日後之六年制藥學系課程奠定深厚基礎。六年制的藥學教育除原有之核心課程外，加強藥物治療學、藥品資訊與分析、社會學及行為科學、藥物流行病學、藥物經濟學等，以及進階醫院藥學實習。豐沛的臨床師資是六年制藥學教育醫院藥學課程成功的關鍵，臺大藥學系因有臺大醫學院及臺大醫院的師資及訓練場所的支持，讓學生明白從基本的病理生理到藥物治療的原則及特殊考量。除了臺大的豐富資源，尚有和信醫院的長期協助，未來亦將陸續規劃增加其他具有特色的醫院或醫療型態，使進階醫院藥學實習順利推展。此一總整課程，使學生得以統整並深化過去所學，且能與職場銜接，應用所學。希望六年制所培育之藥師，能面對目前新的及進化中的健康照護環境，以在多元化的藥師服務型態，扮演稱職的角色。
並列摘要
In this article, the curriculum design and rationale for six-year pharmacy education (Pharm.D.) development and the expansion of hospital pharmacy clinical service are introduced at National Taiwan University (NTU) and the affiliated hospital (NTUH). Desired outcomes to be obtained by the students were defined first. A ＂backwards＂ approach is used for the design of the content. The process of effective teaching was then conducted. Due to the advancement of medicine and technology, the increasing complexity of pharmacotherapy, the emerging concept of personalized medicine, and the emphasis on safe drug use, courses newly developed in the 21^(st) century were added into the program to meet the needs of the society. The advanced pharmacy practice experience course taken during the year before graduation, including advanced hospital pharmacy practice experience, enabled the student to learn how to provide patient-centered service, to cooperate with the healthcare team including doctors and nurses, and to promote professional competence in addition to dispensing and administration affairs. In fact, as early as 1993, the concept has been formed and the master’s program has been established to cultivate and train prospective faculty for hospital pharmacy and pharmacists. The framework of the master's program has formed a solid foundation for the six-year program. Apart from the original core courses, courses such as therapeutics, drug information and analysis, social and behavioral sciences, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, and advanced hospital pharmacy practice were strengthened in the six-year program. The key to success was the abundance of the outstanding faculty and resources supplied by College of Medicine, NTU and NTUH, which allowed students to learn from the fundamental pathology and physiology to the principles and special considerations in therapeutics. Moreover, the long-term support from Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center and other hospitals to be incorporated in the future also facilitated the progress of advanced pharmacy practice experience. This capstone course empowered the students to integrate, intensity what they have learned in the past and to apply in their careers. It is expected that the pharmacists educated in the six-year program will be competent and be capable of playing the diversified roles successfully in the new and evolving healthcare environment.
參考文獻
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