This essay examines the Turfan manuscripts as a newly discovered historical sources, with its valuable and meaningful contribution towards the research on ancient Chinese history in the following aspects: 1. To fill the gaps in the current historical understanding. 2. To correct the mistakes in the traditional historical documents. 3. To provide evidence for constructing historical truth. 4. To re-discover many lost classical documents. The research based on the new materials would expand the view of ancient Chinese history.