British Maritime Communications and Mail Subsidies in the Nineteenth Century

十九世紀的英國船舶通信與郵政補助

丹尼爾(Daniel R. Headrick) ； 海瑞克

《興大歷史學報》 22期 (2010/02) Pp. 169-184

https://doi.org/10.29624/CHJH.201002.0007

摘要

十九世紀英國造船技術的發展和航運經濟影響了海外帝國郵遞。企業主在蒸汽船得以遠洋航行時，希望能得到政府補助。此時的郵遞合約對遠洋航業的補助使得印度航線的大英輪船，以及大西洋航線的冠達輪船受惠。補助推動了像鋼鐵船體或螺旋槳推進器等新科技的發展。但也造成郵政總局、海軍部、東印度公司以及其他政府部門之間的摩擦。到了十九世紀末，顯然郵遞合約與補助對英國國力與國防的貢獻，不亞於協助海外郵遞。

關鍵字

海軍部 ； 藍帶獎 ； 郵政總局 ； 蘇伊士運河 ； 大英輪船

並列摘要

In the nineteenth century, Britain's need for overseas and imperial postal communications influenced the development of shipbuilding technology and the economics of shipping. When steamships were able to cross oceans, entrepreneurs sought government subsidies. Mail contracts favored the P&O line on the route to India and the Cunard line across the Atlantic. Subsidies encouraged the development of new technologies such as iron and steel hulls and propellers. Yet they were the object of friction between the Post Office, the Admiralty, the East India Company, and other branches of government. By the end of the century, it was clear that mail contracts and subsidies served Britain's prestige and national defense as much as its overseas postal communications.

並列關鍵字

Admiralty ； Blue Riband ； Post Office ； Suez Canal ； P&O

參考文獻

Marlowe, John(1964).World Ditch: The Making of the Suez Canal.New York:Macmillan.

Khan, Ghulam Idris(1971).Attempts at Swift Communication between India and the West before 1830.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan.16(2),118-121.

Halford Lancaster Hoskins, British Routes to India. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1928), p.82

Headrick, Daniel R.(1981).The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century.New York:Oxford University Press.

"Report of the Select Committee on East India Communications" in Great Britain, Parliament Papers 1866 IX:7.