唐代的身分制社會

A Hierarchical Society based on Status of Tang Dynasty

高明士(Ming-Shih Kao)

《興大歷史學報》 30期 (2016/06) Pp. 1-18

摘要

本文為高明士教授2014年12月18日於中興大學雲平樓雲平廳為歷史系同學所作學術專題演講的逐字稿。演講內容論及國家統治原理、傳統社會結構，身分制社會如何形成，唐代身分制如何運作，以及對後世影響。唐代的身分制社會，是依禮而透過國家權力予以建立。此即將全國人循由下列二種機制相互結合而賦予某種地位：一為依據政治權力運作所規定的身分，一為社會關係的身分。兩者的身分關係，呈現等差秩序，均由當時的律令法制加以規範，違律有罰。到宋代最大的變化，在於政治身分的等差秩序發生變革，所以身分制社會的變動，也是唐宋變革重要的一環。

關鍵字

身分制 ； 丁中制 ； 等差秩序 ； 唐律 ； 唐宋變革

並列摘要

This essay is a transcript of the lecture delivered in the Yunping Hall by Prof. Ming-Shih Kao for the student of the History Department of National Zhongxing University on December 18, 2014. It discussed the governing principle of Tang Dynasty, traditional social structure, the formation of a hierarchical society, the operation of the hierarchical system and its impact on later history. The Tang hierarchical society was constructed through imperial power according to the rite system(li, or proprieties, rituals). The status of all the subjects in the Empire were conferred by the Empire through the mechanism of two interwoven systems: the political power and social relations. These two kinds of relationship combined could show the hierarchical status of an individual. This hierarchical order was regulated by the contemporary laws and codes. Violators of this order was punishable by law. This practice was continued until the Song Dynasty. The only significant change was caused by the change of political position and status. Consequently, the change of the hierarchical society was also an important part of the Grand Tang-Song Transition.

並列關鍵字

Hierarchy based on one’s status ； Dingzhong syste ； Hierarchy ； the Tang Code ； the Grand Tang-Song Transition.