漢言津梁─馬禮遜的中文教學著作及其影響

The compilation concerns and features of the ＂Chinese teacher＂ Robert Morrison's books for Chinese learning

游博清(Po-Ching Yu)

《興大歷史學報》 30期 (2016/06) Pp. 51-80

摘要

英國基督教來華傳教士馬禮遜 (Robert Morrison, 1782-1834)自1810年起，在英國東印度公司(English East India Company, 1600-1874)廣州商館(Cantonfactory)內擔任「中文教師」(Chinese teacher)，展開長達約二十年的中文教學活動，他返英休假時也創立「語言傳習所」(The Language Institution)，倡導中文學習，過程中亦編纂相關著作供有意學中文者參考，本文分析這些著作形成的背景與內容，認為他並非隨意地編纂之，而是受到個人對學習中文的態度、他與公司的聘僱關係、中文學生背景、向平民傳教的需求等各種主客觀因素的影響。另外，文中透過相互比較和歸納，嘗試論述馬禮遜編撰相關學習中文參考著作普遍呈現的特色和創新的理念，一是講求通俗、淺顯，另外則是重視認知中國當前或新近的情事。馬禮遜中文學習的理念不僅影響了同時期或稍後來華傳教士的中國著述，也引起歐洲中國研究者的許多關注和評論，頗具時代意義。

關鍵字

馬禮遜 ； 東印度公司 ； 中文學習 ； 倫敦會

並列摘要

From 1810, Robert Morrison (1782-1834) worked as a ＂Chinese Teacher＂ at the Canton factory of the English East India Company (1600-1874) and began his Chinese teaching activities for about twenty years. He set up the Language Institution in London to promote Chinese learning as well when he went back to Britain for a vacation. In the process of his Chinese teaching, he compiled or wrote relative books successively for persons intending to study the Chinese language. This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal background and contents of Morrison's books for Chinese learning. The author claimed that Morrison did not compile them at random, but was affected by both subject and object factors when compiling those books, including his opinions on how to learn Chinese, his role as an employee of the EIC, the background of his Chinese students, the mission work for common people and so on. Moreover, through induction and comparison, the writer claimed some features and innovative ideas existed on books that Morrison compiled for Chinese learning. One is colloquialism and plain, and the other is to understand the current or not long ago affairs of China. The ideas embedded in Morrison's books not only affected the writings of contemporary or later missionaries to China, but attracted many attentions and comments from the scholars involved in Chinese studies in Europe, having its significance and meanings.

並列關鍵字

Robert Morrison ； London Missionary Society ； English East India Company ； Chinese learning

參考文獻

蘇精(2005)。中國，開門！—馬禮遜及相關人物研究。香港:基督教中國宗教文化研究社。

Robert Morrison, A View of China for Philological Purposes: containing a sketch of Chinese chronology, geography, government, religion & customs, designed for the use of persons who study the Chinese language (Macao: The East India Company's Press, 1817), p. 1, pp. 103-104, 105-109, 114-116., pp. 5-12, 61-86, 87-102.

Robert Morrison, Dialogues and Detached Sentences in the Chinese Language, with a Free and Verbal Translation in English (Macao: The East India Company's Press, 1816)., pp. 1-17, 68-86, 98-103, 178-184, 242-243., pp. 72-74

Robert Morrison, Chinese Miscellany; consisting of original extracts from Chinese authors, in the native character; with Translations and Philological Remarks (London: London Missionary Society, 1825), fly page.

George Smith, The Life of William Carey (London: J. M. Dent & Co., 1909), p. 247