清中葉忠義典範的探問與記述－以志書、詩文集為例（1796－1850）

The Inquiry and Narration of the Model of Loyalty in the Mid-Qing Period--Focus on Chronicles and Collections of Poems and Essays (1796-1850)

唐屹軒(Tang, Yi-Hsuan)

《興大歷史學報》 35期 (2021/06) Pp. 25-53

摘要

清中葉嘉道時期的重要性在於上承康雍乾盛世，下啟咸同以降西力東漸之變局，皇帝、士人竭力調動傳統思想資源，自出機杼以因應時代挑戰。緣此，透過清中葉相關研究的深化與擴展，或可梳理清朝歷史發展的內在理路，扣連盛清與晚清的傳承與裂變。在清中葉國內外戰爭次第爆發的時代氛圍下，忠義思想成為士人抗敵禦外的重要資源，但隨著政府壓力的寬嚴變化、士人應對態度的轉變等，也讓忠義思想的意涵愈趨複雜、多元。搭配士人的纂修書籍風潮，忠義思想的生產、傳播也發生劇烈變化。是故，本文以阮元的《兩浙防護錄》、《廣東通志》、董琅的《甬東正氣集》與黃定文的《東井文鈔》等為例，結合二部《乾坤正氣集》收錄的詩文著述與若干地方史志等，探尋嘉道兩朝長時段忠義思想從被動的「防護」舊有祠廟，到積極生產、傳布「正氣」思想。在此動態變化趨勢下，士人如何運用纂修書籍風潮，形塑忠義思想，甚或與官方立場進行拔河。透過梳理忠義思想、纂修書籍風潮與時代脈動間千絲萬縷的連繫，捕捉更為真切的時代風貌。

關鍵字

清中葉 ； 忠義 ； 《兩浙防護錄》 ； 《甬東正氣集》 ； 《乾坤正氣集》

並列摘要

The importance of the Jiadaoera in mid-Qing period lies in the succession of the Kangxi and Qianlong era, and the connection to western influence after Xiantongera. The emperors and literati tried their best to mobilize traditional thought resources to respond to the challenges of the times. For this reason, through the deepening and expansion of related research in mid-Qing period, the internal rationale of the historical development of Qing Dynasty can be sorted out, and the inheritance and fission of the high Qing and the late Qing can be linked. In mid-Qing period, when domestic and foreign wars broke out gradually, the loyalty thought became an important resource for literati to resist the enemy. However, with the changes of the government governance strategy and literati' respond, the connotations of loyalty thoughts became more complex and diverse. The movement of books editing by literati, the production and dissemination of loyalty thoughts have also changed drastically. For this reason, this article takes Ruan Yuan's LiangZheFanghu Lu, Guangdong Tongzhi, Dong Lang's YongDongZhengQi Ji and Huang Dingwen'sDongjingWenchao as examples, combined with the two QianKunZhengQi Ji and several local historical chronicles explored the long-term loyalty thoughts of Jiadaoera from passively ＂protecting＂ the old tombs and temples to actively producing and spreading ＂righteousness＂ thoughts. Under this dynamic trend, how did literati use the trend of compiling books to shape the idea of loyalty, or even tugofwar with official positions. At the same time, seeking for the literati' books editing and political attitudes in Jiadao era, and then outline its inextricable connection with the pulse of the times, showing a more real look of the times.

並列關鍵字

Mid-Qing Period ； Loyalty ； LiangZheFanghuLu ； YongDongZhengQi Ji ； QianKunZhengQi Ji

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