臨床醫學教育：以標準病人為教、學及評量工具

Clinical Medical Education: Using Standardized Patients as a Teaching, Learning and Assessment Tool

王維典(Wei-Dean Wang)

《Journal of Medical Education》 2卷4期 (1998/12) Pp. 378-385

https://doi.org/10.6145/jme.199812_2(4).0003

摘要

臨床醫學教育的目標，在培養醫師能有效發揮醫療技能，滿足病人及社會的需求，創造高品質的醫療環境。臨床醫學的教學方法，傳統上以講堂及床邊教學為主，除了缺乏眞實情境的考量外，床邊教學受到時間及病人因素的影響，教學品質不易掌握。臨床醫學教育的評量方法，傳統上以指導教師從有限的觀察中，進行粗略的指導，除了缺乏完整客觀的評量外，醫學生所能得到的收穫有限。為改進教學效果，臨床醫學教育發展出使用標準病人的教學及評量方法，許多研究證實在標準病人的協助下，醫師培育者除了能夠瞭解醫學生的學習能力，靈活運用各種有效的教學方法外，醫學生也能夠獲得眞實有效的回饋，確實改進臨床技能。標準病人亦可有效使用於各級醫師的再教育課程及醫療品質研究。

關鍵字

臨床醫學教育 ； 教學 ； 評量 ； 標準病人

並列摘要

The goals of medical education are to cultivate physicians capable of applying their medical skills to meet the needs of the patients and society, and to create a high quality medical care environment. Traditional clinical medicine teaching methods are lectures and bedside teaching, these methods are incapable to provide adequate personal experience in patient care, and the quality of teaching is also diminished due to time limitation and various patients factors. Traditional clinical performance assessment are given by supervisors based on limited in formation over a short period of observation time, students normally do not get much benefit to improve their clinical skills. In order to improve teaching and assessment qualities, standardized patients (SPs) have been used as a tool in various teaching and assessment methods. Many studies have concluded that by using SPs, clinical instructors are able to understand more of students' learning abilities and apply more effective teaching methods in pertinent situation; medical students are able to get helpful feedback and improve their clinical skills. SPs are also useful in continuing medical education programs and assessing clinical performance of general practitioners.

並列關鍵字

clinical medical education ； teaching ； assessment ； standardized patients