某醫學院學生之個人死亡建構

本研究旨在了解醫學院學生的個人死亡建構，以供往後醫學教育中死亡學課程的設計與國內量表研發之參考。本研究以54位就讀於某私立醫學大學的學生為研究對象。研究對象以5分鐘的時間針對「何謂死亡？它對你的意義為何？」自由表述於白紙上。本研究運用以「個人建構」為基礎的編碼系統來分析醫學院學生對死亡之自由表述文。結果發現這群研究對象的死亡建構面向分布情形與國外的發現不同，在死後生命存在感上，提供不存在的比存在的多將近一倍，對死亡高度理解的人數也比低度理解的超出許多，這都和國外的發現剛好相反；此外，不同於國外最多人提到死亡是有目的的，這群國內醫學院學生探討死亡目的性的人不多，很少人討論到自己的死亡或具體的死亡；另外發現一個國外原本沒有的建構向度「效能感」。代表這些醫學院學生因為特殊的背景，呈現對死亡的高度理解，並企圖以積極珍惜與掌控生命的效能感來面對死亡的威脅。然而研究對象與情意相關的建構向度數相當有限，應在醫學院的死亡教育中加強情意教育的比重，使未來的醫護人員能處理自己面對死亡與瀕死的情意，也有能力協助臨終病人及家屬處理他們的情緒。

關鍵字

個人建構理論；死亡建構；自由表述；醫學院學生

並列摘要

The present study aimed to explore personal death constructs in medical college undergraduates. A reliable coding system based on Personal Construct Theory was applied to narrative descriptions of the meaning of death contributed by 54 medical college undergraduates. Content analysis of these free response narratives found that death construct dimension distribution of these subjects differ from previous study, more subjects used non-existence and high understanding than those who used existence and low understanding which is previous study the previous finding. Besides, unlike in previous study the most commonly used construct was purposeful, these young and healthy health professional in the study rarely contemplated purposefulness of death, their own death or deathbed scene, with some using a newly found construct efficacy which stands for the aggressiveness and self-confidence of controlling the precious present life as buffers against the threat of death. However affect related construct dimensions were limited, the death education in medical college should make more effort on participants’ affect, enabling them to take care of their own affect when facing the death and dying as well as that of the dying patients and their family.

並列關鍵字

personal construct theory ； personal death construct ； free response narratives ； medical college undergraduates

參考文獻

Kaye JM,Loscalzo G(1998).Learning to care for dying patients: a controlled longitudinal study of a death education course. J Cancer Educ.13(1),52-57.

Google Scholar

Sand RB,Blackall GF,Abrahm JL(1998).A survey of physicians' education in caring for the dying: identified training needs. J Cancer Educ.13(4),242-247.