Purpose: This study was to investigate whether satisfaction with the 2-year nurse postgraduate training program for nurses predicts their retention. Shortages of nursing personnel have been reported in many countries. Satisfaction and retention rate are the best indicators of the efficacy of a retention program. Methods: A convenience sample of 190 new nurses was recruited from a single hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan in the years 2018 and 2019. Data for satisfaction of the new nurses were collected by questionnaire. Retention outcome data were collected 1 year after the questionnaire surveys. Results: New nurses were highly satisfied with the 2-year nurse postgraduate training program. The aspects of the program that had the highest and lowest satisfaction were preceptor and work atmosphere, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of retention in the new nurses were the phase of the learning process, resources and feedback channels, and work atmosphere. Conclusions: Hospital managers can use the results of this study to improve the effectiveness of nursing curricula and to improve retention of new nurses.The results of this study have important implications for the professional development, satisfaction and retention of new nurses.