環境美感、環境倫理與人類優質生活

Environmental Aesthesis, Environmental Ethic and Human's Optimal Life

蕭振邦(Jenn-Bang Shiau)

《應用倫理評論》 69期 (2020/10) Pp. 5-35

摘要

當前環境危機層出不窮，造就了生態或環境倫理學對自然的關懷及永續發展的社會主導取向，然而接下來「依規範行動」的力源考量──特別是行動的施者與受者在自然這塊版圖上的互動，把發言權少許讓渡給感性範疇，也促使美感倫理學在以生態為主眼的環境倫理論述中形成了一個討論區塊。循此，本文嘗試剖析Aldo Leopold 饒富洞見的「美感洞察」和Holmes Rolston一以貫之的「美學的荒野轉向」，並進一步以「突現美學」的觀點為兩種「美感倫理」再進一解，說明試圖以美感作為「依規範行動」的力源是一種好著想，但是，以西方美學來承擔這項重任，則力有未殆，蓋以「優位」只有一個，「美感」與「道德」不能兩立故，本文遂提出華夏美學的解困之道。

關鍵字

美感倫理 ； Aldo Leopold ； Holmes Rolston ； 倫理行動力源 ； 優質生活

並列摘要

The current environmental crisis has created the social-leading orientation of ecological or environmental ethics to care for nature and sustainable development. And then the impetus consideration of ＂acting according to norms＂-especially the interaction between the giver and the recipient in the map of nature-has ceded a little bit of its voice to the aesthesis category and prompted aesthetic ethics to become a discussion section in the discourse of environmental ethics with ecology as the main focus. Following this, this paper attempts to analyze Aldo Leopold's visionary ＂aesthetic insight＂ and Homes Rolston's consistent ＂aesthetic wilderness turn＂ from the perspective of ＂emergence aesthetics.＂ It tries to illustrate that it is a good idea to use beauty as the impetus source of ＂acting according to norms,＂ but it also indicates that to take on this heavy responsibility by Western aesthetics is not enough. It is because there is only one ＂optimal value,＂ either ＂beauty＂ or ＂morality＂ but not two of them together. This paper then puts forth a way to solve the difficulty with Chinese aesthetics.

並列關鍵字

Aesthetic Ethic ； Aldo Leopold ； Holmes Rolston ； Impetus of Ethical Behavior ； Optimal Life

參考文獻

蕭振邦，2010，《深層自然主義》（新北市：東方人文學術研究基金會，修訂二版）。

Y. Noah Harari, 2015, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (New York: Harper Publish).

Aldo Leopold, 1989,“ The Land Ethic,” in A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There, illustrated by Charles W. Schwartz, introduction by Robert Finch (New York: Oxford University Press,).

J. Baird Callicott, 1999, Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy (New York: State University of New York Press).

Holmes Rolston, III, 2000, “From Beauty to Duty: Aesthetics of Nature and Environmental Ethics,” in Environment and the Arts: Perspectives on Environmental Aesthetics, edited by Arnold Berleant (Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing Co.).