商末紀年、祭祀類甲骨研究

The Study of the Calendar System and Sacrificed Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Chinese Late Shang Dynasty

彭慧賢(Huei-Shian Peng)

《元培學報》 16期 (2009/12) Pp. 53-82

https://doi.org/10.30171/JYUST.200912.0005

摘要

本文藉助學界之研究成果，重新探討商末之際，紀年方式、祭祀制度，進而釐清詞彙使用之相承、變異性。首先，藉助紀年方式探討，發現殷商末年隨著「周祭制度」完備，至帝辛時期，甲骨文產生新紀年體例，即「隹（唯）王幾祀」之句型，此種紀年方式不僅出現殷墟甲骨文，更存在晚商金文。其次，董理殷墟第四、五期甲骨文中十七項祭祀，加以區別：「特定祭祀」、「商周祭祀相承」、「商代祭祀之相承與變異」、「祭祀之斷代」四大類。總之，透過上述研究可證明晚商273年間雖隸屬相同祭祀，會因時間不同，遂造成歧異部分，藉此以探討乙丁、乙辛時期祭祀制度之演變。

關鍵字

甲骨文 ； 紀年類 ； 祭祀類 ； 斷代

並列摘要

In this article, we discuss the calendar system and the ceremonies of sacrificed in the Chinese Late Shang dynasty and deduce the origins and the transformations of characters. From the literatures of calendar system, the ceremonies of Zhou Ji have developed. In the period of Di Xin, the new sentence form ”wei wang ji si” of calendar system was found in the oracle bone inscriptions. This form can also be found in the Bronze Inscriptions of Late Shang dynasty. Furthermore, the seventeen ceremonies of the sacrificed inscriptions on the fourth and fifth period oracle bone of the Shang dynasty can be classified to four types, special ceremonies, systems of Zhou dynasty adopted from Shang dynasty, the different and unity of systems of Shang dynasty, periods classified by the sacrificed ceremonies. The sacrificed ceremonies were basically the same type over the period of 273 years in late Shang dynasty. At different period, some changes can be found and we discuss the transformation of sacrificed ceremonies of the period of yi-ding and yi-xin.

並列關鍵字

Oracle bone inscriptions ； Sacrificed ceremonies ； Periodic classification