聲音刺激下大腦不同區域之自動處理機制反應之研究

A Study of Brain Responses in Automatic Processing Mechanism for Sound Stimuli on Different Regions

林祈佑(Ci-You Lin) ； 黃元惠(Yuan-Huei Huang) ； 李正民(Cheng-Min Lee) ； 趙文鴻(Wen-Hung Chao)

《元培學報》 23期 (2017/12) Pp. 33-46

摘要

自從腦電圖（Electroencephalogram, EEG）的發展以來，使得人類瞭解到大腦會因受到外在的刺激影響使大腦有自發電位的變化，人類大腦受到聲音刺激後對於刺激進行不同任務行為之反應，大腦會因為任務產生的行為的不同在大腦電位之波動也產生差異。事件相關電位（event-related potentials, ERP）的運用已成為深入研究大腦心理活動層面的主要方式，運用不同事件刺激方法來獲得多種不同性質的ERP成份。在ERP成分中的MMN失匹配負波是利用標準Oddball實驗模式下進行，將所擷取到的偏差刺激ERP減去標準刺激ERP所獲得之差異波，過去MMN 被認定為一種對刺激的自動處理的機制。為了解大腦在聲音刺激過程中接受不同任務下，大腦對於聲音刺激之振幅反應會有何種表現。因此本研究設計一套聲音刺激實驗，針對15位（平均年齡23.1歲）的身心健康的受測者，各別對實驗區段1（Inattention）、實驗區段2（Attention Button）、實驗區段3（Attention Memory）與實驗區段4（Attention Button Memory）)等四種不同任務的實驗，以頻率1000Hz，60分貝（dB）的標準聲音刺激，與頻率1500Hz，60dB的偏差聲音刺激之條件來對雙耳聲音刺激。結果顯示，在聲音刺激實驗中，是否對於聲音刺激有無專注狀況下均會有MMN之振幅表現。在單純的記憶任務下，使得大腦在對偏差刺激辨識的參與感受程度降低，而任務過程中配合按按鈕動作反而提升了大腦參與辨識的感受程度，但會使得按鈕動作反應變慢。

關鍵字

腦電圖 ； 事件相關電位 ； 失匹配負波 ； 自動處理

並列摘要

The development of the electroencephalogram (EEG) assists in understanding spontaneous potential change of brain from stimulation. The different brain response generated by task behavior induces a difference of potential fluctuation in the brain, and the behavior reaction of the different tasks is created from the brain stimulated by the sound stimulus. The event-related potentials (ERPs) have become the main way of psychological activity level of brain in depth research, and they used this method from different event stimuli to obtain a variety of different types of ERP components. The mismatch negativity (MMN) components of ERPs could be acquired from the differential wave between deviation stimuli and standard stimuli of ERPs in standard oddball experiment, and the MMN has been identified as a mechanism of automatic processing from stimuli in the past research. In order to understand brain mechanism induced by different tasks, the brain amplitude responses of the sound stimuli react what will be reflected during the sound stimulation. Thus, the sound stimulus experiments were designed in this study. A total of 15 healthy participants (the average age of 23.1 years) executed a series of sections in these experiments. Each experiment includes four different stimuli sections which are inattention section, attention button section, attention memory section, and attention button memory section. The standard sound stimulus is the 1000Hz frequency with 60dB, and the deviation sound stimuli is the 1000Hz frequency with 60dB. The results showed that MMN amplitudes were presented obviously when inattention or attention was included in the sound stimulation experiments. In the task of attention memory, the brain will be reduced the identification of the extent of sensation. The brain will be enhanced the identification of the extent of sensation during the action of task with the pressing button (attention button memory), but it will make the button action slow response.

並列關鍵字

electroencephalogram (EEG) ； event-related potentials (ERPs) ； mismatch negativity (MMN) ； automatic processing