正式照顧對非正式網絡互動關係之影響：以原住民部落老人居家／送餐服務爲例

Influences of Formal Care Provision on Interactive Relationship between Elderly People and Their Informal Support Network: Case of Home Care and Meal Services for Aboriginal Elderly People

黃源協(Yuan-Shie Hwang)

《社會政策與社會工作學刊》 9卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 163-198

https://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.200506.0163

摘要

本文主要目的在於探討正式服務的提供對非正式支持網絡互動關係的影響，並檢證社會支持理論之補充模式與層級補充模式的相關假設。本研究係以原住民部落的老人居家照顧與送餐服務之原住民老人個案爲對象，採結構式問卷進行資料蒐集，計獲得有效問卷218份。本研究的重要發現包括：原住民老人生活上的主要照顧者以配偶爲主，媳婦的角色要超越兒子和女兒；正式服務的提供有助於老人與女兒、女婿、鄰居和親戚的互動頻率，也有助於增強老人與媳婦、鄰居和親戚的互動關係；但互動頻率不等同於互動關係，主要照顧者與個案的緊密互動可能形成一種「疲乏的照顧關係」，正式服務的提供有助於舒緩這種緊張關係。本研究結果部分支持補充與層級補償模式的假設，但對層級補償之老人偏好說持保留態度；對於兩種模式所持之老人使用正式照顧的動機，若未將服務是否需付費及資源的可用性和可近性納入考量，則該論述的說服力是不足的。本研究建議，理論的檢證須進一步將更多的可能影響變項納入考量，適時提供需要被照顧的老人正式社會支持，以及可從事非正式支持網絡對正式服務的影響之研究。

關鍵字

社會網絡 ； 正式網絡 ； 非正式網絡 ； 層級補償模式 ； 補充模式

並列摘要

By investigating 218 aboriginal elderly people who benefited from the home care and meals services project, this paper aims to explore the influences of formal care provision on the relationship between elderly people and their informal support network, and to examine two theoretical approaches related to social support - supplemental model and hierarchical compensatory model. The main findings are as follows: (1) Spouse normally is the main carer of elderly people, and the caring role of daughter-in-law is beyond son and daughter. The formal care provision is significantly beneficial to interactive frequency between elderly people and their daughter, son-in-law, neighbours and relatives, and also significantly reinforces the interactive relationship between elderly people and their daughter-in-law, neighbours and relatives. However, more interactive frequencies do not mean better interactive relationship. For those taking the role of main carer, in particular daughter-in-law, intensive interaction with elderly people may create a 'tired caring relationship'. The formal care provision is helpful to alleviate the tension.
This study partly confirms the arguments provided by supplemental model and hierarchical complementary model, but reserves supporting to the argument of elderly preference provided by the hierarchical complementary model. As to the motivations of using formal care proposed by both models, this study also wants to emphasis that it would be an insufficient argument without taking variables such as charge, service availability and accessability into consideration. Finally, this research provides three suggests from the dimensions including theoretical building, formal support and follow-up research.

並列關鍵字

social network ； formal network ； informal network ； hierarchical compensatory model ； supplemental model

參考文獻

行政院原住民委員會(2000)。「仁愛鄉原住民災區家庭支持請安活動」活動報告。台北:

行政院原住民委員會(2000)。「信義鄉原住民災區家庭支持請安活動」活動報告。台北:

呂寶靜(2001)。老人照顧--老人、家庭、正式服務。台北:五南。

李明政(1998)。行政院原住民委員會委託研究報告。台北:

詹宜璋、楊瑩、黃源協(2001)。行政院原住民委員會委託研究報告。台北: