國小孩童的福祉衡量指標初探：一群10歲兒童的主觀經驗分析

研究源起與目的：經濟發展指標無法全然反映福祉概念，必須有其他指標存在。1989年聯合國兒童權利公約明訂兒童應該受到基本權益保障，本研究選取兒童作為研究對象。建構福祉指數，需在衡量對象、福祉面向、度量方法等項目上做選擇。兒童福祉的概念與定義相當多面向且複雜。文獻上多是透過成人定義而非兒童自身的觀點。本研究主要目的在呈現由兒童自身經驗與觀點出發的兒童福祉樣貌。本研究採取探索性研究，選取10歲左右兒童，6位以拍照、畫圖、敘述等方式呈現其所認為的兒童福祉，亦即能夠使其快樂、提升生活滿意度的事項。另一組3位兒童則對這些照片與圖畫進行分類並建構分類之間的關係。主要研究結果：1.蒐集340個照片或卡片，區分為39個類目、15個構面。2.「促進便利的生活用品」、「食物」、「興趣、休閒、娛樂」是構成兒童福祉的主要構面。3.兒童觀點的兒童福祉異於成人觀點的兒童福祉。4.越具體、接觸機會多的事物，學童較容易建立事物與自我幸福感間的關係。5.構成兒童福祉之元素間具有階序性差別、重要性差別、影響力差別等三項特徵。6.本研究結果呈現兒童自身觀點的兒童福祉，研究結果將可做為未來相似研究、相關社會福利政策與措施規劃的參考。

關鍵字

兒童福祉；攝影；兒童觀點

並列摘要

The indexes of economic growth (GNP and GDP per capita) cannot reflect totally the substantial well-being of people, and the alternative indexes are necessitated. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted by the United Nations in 1989 which epitomized the centrality of wellbeing in the lives of children. Our understanding of children's wellbeing are usually constructed by adults, rather than expressed directly by children's own perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to understand children's well-being from where they stand, starts from involving children as participants and is driven by their experiences and opinions. Children aged 10 years took photographs and drew pictures representing wellbeing, defined as ”feeling good, being happy, and able to live your life to the full.” Another panel of 3 children grouped the photographs and pictures into categories, then organizing these categories, schematizing the pattern of relationships among these categories and constructing model of well-being. Our main Findings are summaried as follows (1) A total of 340 photographs and cards were collected. 39 categories and 15 components have been constructed. (2) Daily facilities, food and amusement are major components of children's well-being. (3) Children's well-being from children's perspectives and understandings are distinct from adults'. (4) When their life experiences get richer and more concrete, children can percept more easily the connection between life experiences and the conception of self wellbeing. (5)The components which constructed children's wel1-being are Distinction of importance, sequence and influence.6.The findings in this paper show that how and what children express and construct their own perspectives on wellbeing. The research outcomes will be the suggestions for the future relevant researches and social welfare policy designs.